Cognitive science: a multidisciplinary

1. Cognitive Science: from Interdisciplinary Discourse to Transdisciplinary PerspectiveVitaly KlochkoRussia Tomsk State Universityklo@nextmail.ru

2. Cognitive science: a multidisciplinary Cognitive science in its present form, is a multidisciplinary scientific community concentrated on the solving of key problems influenced by time. The aim of «creative polylogue» going to the interdisciplinary space, is the generation of new knowledge that is not possible in the framework of individual disciplines. As the result of interdisciplinary research stage, a new (transdisciplinary) stage started to develop. One of the indicators of a new stage is the outlined rapprochement of humanitarian and natural-science approaches.

3. The prediction of Jean Piaget By all appearances the prediction by Jean Piaget who claimed already in 1970 that after the stage of interdisciplinary researches “one should expect a higher stage – transdisciplinary which will not be not restricted to the system without clear borders between the disciplines”.

4. Based on what this prediction Piaget? First of all, we note that this prediction was correct: the transition from a multidisciplinary to transdisciplinary campaign is a clear tendency of modern scientific knowledge. Particularly noticeable trend became evident in recent years, declaring itself the emergence of a number of international, national, regional, trans-disciplinary research centers. It is believed that Piaget felt that science will soon face a difficult problem whose solution requires the cooperation that allows exit to more complex forms of thinking.

5. The idea of ​​science as a self-regulating system In the non-classical epistemology of science is seen as a self-regulatory system. In particular, the theory of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm was considered self-evident that:. - The science of growing from within, solving their "puzzle"; - While running "self-regulating mechanism of science": the cumulative amount of change through revolution becomes a new quality of thinking, of seeing reality and understanding.

6. "Hare - Duck"of T. Kuhn 1. Kuhn proposed an optical illusion, "Hare - Duck" as an example of how a paradigm shift can force one to consider the same information in completely different way. 2.Nothing has changed, but the scientist begins to live in a different world

7. From self-regulation to self-organization However, Kuhn understood that it does not explain anything: * "The question remains why science - our most indisputable example of a full-fledged knowledge - developing so, and not otherwise, and, above all, we need to figure out how it actually happens. Surprisingly little we still know how to answer that question". * Answer this question is trying to give postnonclassical epistemlogy, sees science as an open self-organizing (and self-developing) system.

8. Postnonclassical methodology and TRANSSPECTIVE ANALYSIS • is considered as an instrument of study for scientific tendencies, particularly, the tendencies of modern psychology • enables us to expose tendencies that are manifested in the form of natural movement along the line of more multidimensional quantitative-qualitative study of the world and complication of the inner structure of the science • is based upon the statement that self-organization in the field of psychology, unlike natural sciences, ‘is going not through fortuity, but through necessity and possibility, purposefulness and teleology.

9. Tendencies are realized usually apart from the scientists’ wills; possess inner force on own realization; are manifested in the form of general directions of the science development ;

10. Science as an open system • Every scientific discipline, a part of poly-and trans-disciplinary complex that was both open and closed. •   Openness to new cognitive schemes carried by an adjacent and more distant disciplines and have heuristic value for it; ready to cooperate with other scientific disciplines, the implementation of joint research projects. • Closed, since it must strive to maintain its specific subject and perspective of research, to develop its progressive and the most advanced research techniques and strategies.

11. Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity In this case «interdisciplinarity “may mean only and just that different disciplines sit around the table like different nations gather in the United Nations exclusively to claim their own national rights and sovereignty as related to the infringements of the neighbor” (E. Morin). "Transdisciplinarity" describes such studies that go "through" disciplinary boundaries, go "beyond" the specific disciplines. Transdisciplinary studies are characterized by the transfer of cognitive schemas from one disciplinary area to another, the development of joint research projects.

12. Interdisciplinary approach One more time: «Interdisciplinarity“may mean only and just that different disciplines sit around the table like different nations gather in the United Nations exclusively to claim their own national rights and sovereignty as related to the infringements of the neighbor” (E. Morin).

13. Transdisciplinary approach What universal laws and principles found in the point of convergence?

14. A. Einstein and L. Vygotsky • At the time, A. Einstein praised as "magnificent" the idea of ​​M. Faraday, believes that the electrical particle has its very existence gives rise to change in the state space in its immediate vicinity (electric field). • However, since no less majestic look and the idea of ​​LS Vygotsky, who believed that the positive role of the mind is not the reflection of reality, and to "subjectively distort reality in favor of the organism."

15. In the point of convergence * It can be argued that different cultures of thinking (humanities and science), albeit unconsciously, but closer to the recognition that the discrepancy inherent logic does not exclude, but rather suggests a common point of origin, some original firstborn start. Anyway, today, hardly any of the sciences can not avoid their attention selectivity and focus of the interaction, which opens to the inherent limits of these sciences research subjects. * About complementary (and complimentary) interactions of nucleotides in the DNA molecules in the molecular genetics of writing, but also about such interactions write anthropologists, economists, chemists, linguists, etc. But so far, very little attention is paid to what says the use of the same concepts in different sciences, what they indicate universal world order.

16. In the point of convergence • Open systems can project into the environment our expectation, their deficits and strengths, and thereby distort it so his presence in it, that in response to this request, addressed to the environment from it responds to resonate only something that can respond to this expectation , i.e. to date it has meaning. This principle operates as an electric field surrounding a charged particle and field sense of human. • Envisaged the possibility to reach a common basis on which to bring together natural sciences and human thinking, and this convergence is part of a deeper problem of synthesis of the two cultures thinking of building the whole picture of the world. Observed up to now the gap between the two cultures of thinking fundamentally limits the development of scientific knowledge itself, while extinguishing the hope of building a unified, self-consistent scientific picture of reality. Thank you for attention!