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ROCKS AND MINERALS

ROCKS AND MINERALS. WOW. . . HOW EXCITING! ROCK ON!. BELIEVE IT OR NOT, EVERY ROCK HAS A STORY TO TELL . . . MAYBE IT :. FORMED DEEP INSIDE THE EARTH A BILLION YEARS AGO FORMED FROM A VOLCANO WAS PART OF AN ANCIENT TROPICAL OCEAN HAS FOSSILS FROM A PREHISTORIC ERA

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ROCKS AND MINERALS

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  1. ROCKS AND MINERALS WOW. . . HOW EXCITING! ROCK ON!

  2. BELIEVE IT OR NOT, EVERY ROCK HAS A STORY TO TELL . . . MAYBE IT : • FORMED DEEP INSIDE THE EARTH A BILLION YEARS AGO • FORMED FROM A VOLCANO • WAS PART OF AN ANCIENT TROPICAL OCEAN • HAS FOSSILS FROM A PREHISTORIC ERA • WAS MOVED BY A GLACIER, RIVERS AND OCEAN!

  3. ROCKS ARE MADE OF MINERALS… . . SO WHAT ARE MINERALS? • NATURALLY OCCURING • SOLID • INORGANIC • HAVE A UNIQUE CHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE • MAY FORM CRYSTALS

  4. COLOR STREAK LUSTER HARDNESS FRACTURE OR CLEAVAGE MAGNETIC REACTS WITH ACID LIGHT REFRACTION TASTE MINERALS ARE IDENTIFIED BY PHYSICAL “TESTS”

  5. ALL MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE DETERMINED BY . . . • “THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS” • COLOR • STREAK • HARDNESS • LUSTER • FRACTURE OR CLEAVAGE

  6. COLOR • VERY VISIBLE, BUT UNRELIABLE: • MANY MINERALS HAVE THE SAME COLOR • MANY MINERALS COME IN A VARIETY OF COLORS

  7. STREAK • THE COLOR OF A MINERAL IN ITS POWDERED FORM • THE POWDER MAY BE A DIFFERENT COLOR THAN THE MINERAL • USE A “STREAK PLATE” TO TEST

  8. LUSTER • THE WAY LIGHT IS REFLECTED FROM THE MINERAL: • METALLIC WHICH SHINES LIKE POLISHED METALS • NONMETALLIC SO IT MAY BE GLOSSY, DULL, WAXY

  9. HARDNESS • THE RESISTANCE TO BEING SCRATCHED • WE TEST HARDNESS BY SEEING IF THE MINERAL CAN SCRATCH GLASS • MOH’S SCALE 1-10 • TALC IS 1 AND • DIAMOND IS 10

  10. BY THE WAY, WHO IS MOH? • OH. . . FREIDRICH MOH, A GEOLOGIST FROM THE 1800’S!

  11. WHY WOULD WE CARE ABOUT MINERAL HARDNESS? • IT AFFECTS HOW HARD OR SOFT ROCKS ARE • THE DURABILITY OF MONUMNENTS AND BUILDINGS

  12. FRACTURE OR CLEAVAGE • HOW A MINERAL SPECIMEN BREAKS • JAGGED AND UNVEN IS FRACTURE • BREAKING ON A SMOOTH SURFACE OR “PLANE” IS CLEAVAGE

  13. AND WHAT CAUSES THIS CHARACTERISTIC? • THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS! • THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS!

  14. THE OTHER TESTS. . . • LIGHT REFRACTION • MAGNETIC • REACTS WITH ACID

  15. SO, WHAT ARE THE TESTS TO IDENTIFY MINERALS? • COLOR • STREAK • LUSTER • HARDNESS • FRACTURE AND CLEAVAGE

  16. WHY SHOULD WE CARE ABOUT MINERALS? • MINERALS MAKE UP ROCKS, AND EVERY ROCK HAS A STORY TO TELL! • MINERALS PROVIDE LOTS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR MANY THINGS WE USE

  17. EARTH SCIENCE ROCKS!

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