The Livelihoods Integration Unit

1. The Livelihoods Integration Unit WOREDA TRAINING WORKSHOP Introduction to the HEA Framework: application to seasonal assessments and monitoring

2. The objective of HEA is to investigate the effects of Hazards on future access to FOOD and INCOME

3. HEA starts with an understanding of how households normally live….

4. …then it adds the impact of a shock….

5. Gap The analysis suggests that post-shock, households will not be able to maintain their normal livelihood assets without assistance. …and finally looks at how people might be able to cope. Livelihoods Protection Threshold Survival Threshold

6. The Survival Threshold is the total income required to cover: • A) 100% of minimum food energy needs (2100 kcals per person), • B) the costs associated with food preparation and consumption (i.e. salt, soap • kerosene and/or firewoods for cooking and basic lighting), • any expenditure on water for human consumption • The Line below which intervention is required to save lives. • The Livelihoods Protection Threshold represents the total income required to • sustain local livelihoods. This means total expenditure to: • A) ensure basic survival (see above), • maintain access to basic services (e.g. routine medical and schooling expenses), • C) plus sustain livelihoods in the medium to longer term (e.g. regular purchase of seeds, inputs vet drugs); • D) locally acceptable standard of living eg coffee, berberi.. • The line below which an intervention is required to maintain existing livelihood assets

7. In sum…. BASELINE

8. In sum…. + HAZARD BASELINE

9. In sum…. + + HAZARD COPING BASELINE

10. In sum…. + + = HAZARD OUTCOME COPING BASELINE

11. In practice, the process ofBaseline + Hazard + Coping = Outcomeis broken down into six steps:

12. THE BASELINE Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Abay-Tekeze Watershade LZ Abay-Tekeze Watershed LZ

13. OUTCOME ANALYSIS Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Compiled from data collected during seasonal assessments or monitoring Data collected during baseline + + =

14. Step 1: Livelihood Zoning B a s e l I n e Rift Valley Maize and Haricot bean / RVM LZ Woina-dega and Kolla areas Maize, Haricot bean and teff are crops grown in the area, maize is usually consumed , crop sale is the major income followed by livestock sale What it does: Defines areas within which people share broadly the same patterns of livelihood B A S E L I N E source. Income: sale of coffee/ Why it is necessary: Allows you to target geographically & to customize indicators for livelihoods monitoring systems North Agro Pastoral / NAP LZ Kolla- low land Maize, Sorghum and Groundnut are crop cultivated in the LZ. Purchase important source of food for poorer HHs. Income from livestock sales and crop sale important in the LZ

15. Step 2: Wealth Breakdown What it does: Groups people together using local definitions of wealth and quantifies their livelihood assets B A S E L I N E Why it is necessary: Allows you to disaggregate the population and indicate who (and how many) need assistance Northeast Agro pastoral (NAP) LZ

16. Step 3: Food, income and expenditure quantification What it does: Quantifies sources of food and income, and expenditure patterns for a baseline year Sources of Food B A S E L I N E Why it is necessary: Enables comparisons across wealth groups, zones and countries & provides starting point for outcome analysis Sources of Income Expenditure South Wollo Belg LZ

17. Step 4: Problem Specification What it does: Translates a hazard into economic consequences at household level Compiled from data collected during seasonal assessments or monitoring OUTCOME ANALYSIS Why it is necessary: Allows you to mathematically link the shock to each relevant livelihood strategy

18. Step 5: Analysis of Coping Capacity What it does: Assesses the ability of households to respond to the hazard Data collected during baseline Why it is necessary: Determines the amount of external assistance required & Highlights monitoring indicators for testing prediction OUTCOME ANALYSIS

19. What it does: Predicts the outcome of the hazard in relation to livelihood protection and survival thresholds Step 6: Predicted Outcome Why it is necessary: Allows you to determine whether people need external assistance in order to survive and/or to maintain their livelihood assets OUTCOME ANALYSIS This figure compares three different situations, of progressively greater severity and urgency.

20. Conclusion: The HEA Analytical Framework…. • Allows for a systematic analysis of the predicted effects of a hazard or multiple hazards on household livelihood assets • Provides a system for comparing poverty levels and prioritising needs across areas • Can be re-used year after year, saving money • Highlights a range of appropriate responses (not just food)

21. Baseline + Hazard+ Coping = Outcome We looked at the HEA baselines (& profiles) and how these can be used. And now - We will look at how to translate a hazard into economic consequences (ie how to create a problem specification) that can be applied to the baseline to look at the outcome on the population.

22. How to create a problem specification, apply it to the baseline And look at the outcome on the population. 1. Identify the key parameters that we need to collect information on (Exercise 5) 2. Clarify the seasons that we are comparing (Exercise 6) 3. Compare key parameters from current year with reference year (Exercise 7) 4. Apply problem specification to the baseline using the single zone spreadsheet (or IS) - Exercise 8