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Staying Healthy

Staying Healthy. William P. Wattles, Ph.D. Psychology 314. Walk Score. Causes of death (U.S. 2005) total all causes 2,448,017. Cause of Death by Age. Death Rates by State. Death by state and stroke rate by state. Stroke Death Rates, 1991-1998. One who believes

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Staying Healthy

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  1. Staying Healthy William P. Wattles, Ph.D. Psychology 314 Psychology 314

  2. Walk Score Psychology 314

  3. Causes of death (U.S. 2005) total all causes 2,448,017 Psychology 314

  4. Psychology 314

  5. Cause of Death by Age Psychology 314

  6. Death Rates by State Psychology 314

  7. Death by state and stroke rate by state Stroke Death Rates, 1991-1998 Psychology 314

  8. One who believes in freedom of action and thought. individual liberty and personal responsibility Live free or die Reactance People don’t like other people telling them what to do Libertarian Psychology 314

  9. Psychological Reactance • People who are deprived of personal freedom or threatened with loss of freedom react angrily and try to restore their freedom. Psychology 314

  10. It is very hard for me to eat broccoli instead of chocolate when I can’t see any immediate results from either choice. But I don’t have to eat broccoli. I love bananas, so if I get hungry, I can grab a banana instead of a Snickers bar. Personally I think well, you should live each day to the fullest, as if it’s your last” - so, why should I not enjoy life and eat what I want to eat? Eat right, exercise, die anyway Enjoy life Psychology 314

  11. Unintentional Injuries • Accident versus unintentional injury • Accident suggests: • chance, fate, inevitability Psychology 314

  12. “After supper in New Hampshire, the couple buckled the children snugly into the back seat” “McLaughlin and Marshall, who were not wearing seat belts, were thrown from the vehicle” Parents die, children rescued in crash Psychology 314

  13. Psychology 314

  14. Unintentional Injuries • Accident versus unintentional injury • Unintentional injury considers: • individual behaviors • environmental conditions • laws • enforcement Psychology 314

  15. Unintentional Injuries • Fourth Leading cause of death 97,000 per year. • 4% Overall • 40% age 15-24 Psychology 314

  16. Accidents • Fifth leading cause of death in the U.S. • Leading cause of death age 5 to 24 • 72% of all deaths age 5 to 24 • Homicide second leading cause of death age 15-24 • Suicide Third leading cause of death 15-24 Psychology 314

  17. Injury-related death • There were 146,400 injury-related deaths in 1997. • Motor vehicle traffic 42,473 • Firearm-related 32,436 • Poisoning 17,692 • Falls 12,555 Psychology 314

  18. Injury-related death • There were 173,753 injury-related deaths in 2005. • Suicide 32,639 • Motor vehicle traffic 43,667 • Firearm-related 30,694 • Poisoning 32,691 • Falls 20,426 Psychology 314

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  24. Automobile accidents 37% of accidental deaths Psychology 314

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  26. Figure 12.1 (p. 311)Deaths from unintentional injuries (total and motor vehicle related) per 100,000 population, U.S., 1960-1998. Psychology 314

  27. NHTSA has reported that 43,005 people died in motor vehicle crashes in 2002 and that motor vehicle crashes were the 8th-leading cause of death among all ages that year. But broken down by age, crashes were the No. 1 cause of death for every age from 3 through 33 • 2,974 died on 9-11 Psychology 314

  28. World’s lowest driving fatality rate Strict laws and testing Britain 5.6 per 100,000 U.S. 15 per 100,000 Britain traffic Psychology 314

  29. Car accidents • On average, over 119 people are killed every day in car accidents in the US. • Automobiles are the biggest killer and crippler in the US. • Over 3 million Americans were injured in automobile accidents in 1993. • There are over 6 million car accidents every year. Psychology 314

  30. Soldiers: a group prone by demographics and behavior to more than their share of traffic accidents: SafeDriving Effort Is Focusing on Soldiers. Psychology 314

  31. ''We are losing more young men and women in traffic crashes than in combat and training combined,'' Marine Corps commandant. Psychology 314

  32. New York Times on Sleep • Lack of sleep also increases teenage drivers' already elevated risk of car accidents. According to the National Sleep Foundation, a nonprofit group, drowsiness or fatigue play a role in 100,000 traffic crashes a year, and drivers 25 or under cause more than half of those accidents. Psychology 314

  33. Strategies to reduce accidents • Change the individual’s behavior • Change the environment • Change the law Psychology 314

  34. Changing the environment • Common strategy does not involve individual behavior change • bike reflectors • idiot bumps • hand rails • Air bags Psychology 314

  35. Changing the law • Motorcycle helmet laws • Seat belt laws Psychology 314

  36. Effective legislation • Laws increasing the penalty ineffective • Laws increasing the certainty of getting caught effective • Laws that raise taxes on alcoholic beverages also effective. Psychology 314

  37. Seat Belt Usage Should seat belt Usage be Mandatory? Psychology 314

  38. Air Bags • Between there introduction in the 1980’s and Nov. 1 1997 air bags saved 2,620 lives • the combination of seat belts and air bags is 75 percent effective in preventing serious head injuries and 66 percent effective in preventing serious chest injuries. • http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/airbags/ Psychology 314

  39. Guns 30,694 deaths in 2005 Psychology 314

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  41. Father accidentally shoots daughter • HUDSON, Fla. — A man who mistook his 31-year-old daughter for a burglar shot and critically wounded her Monday when she tried to get into her parents’ house before dawn. • George Earl Ingram, 54, told authorities that his gun went off when his daughter startled him. Psychology 314

  42. Guns • In 1994, more than 38,000 people in the United States died from gunshots; nearly another 100,000 people were injured. Psychology 314

  43. Gun violence • These statistics represent the "enormous human toll of gun violence," and cost U.S. taxpayers more than $1 billion in lifetime medical costs, says a new study that appears in the Aug. 4 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Psychology 314

  44. Guns and “Accidents” • NYT October 22 • Defective design led to paralysis of 7 year old. Psychology 314

  45. Homicide • The presence of a gun in the home triples the risk of homicide in that home, according to the New England Journal of Medicine Psychology 314

  46. Women Likelier to Be Slain by a Partner Than a Stranger • NYT 10/22/04 • Lovers and husbands were responsible for almost 60 percent of the deaths of women between 20 and 50, the study found Psychology 314

  47. Women Likelier to Be Slain by a Partner Than a Stranger • NYT 10/22/04 • In about a fifth of the cases, the killer committed suicide - nearly a quarter in the case of an intimate killer. Psychology 314

  48. 1107 world (26 industrialized nations) • 957 U.S. 86% • http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046149.htm#00002255.htm Psychology 314

  49. Guns and Suicide • For every case of self-protective homicide involving a firearm kept in the home, 37 suicides, 4.6 criminal homicides and 1.3 unintentional deaths occur (an overall ratio of 43 to 1) (Kellermann and Reay, 1986). Psychology 314

  50. Suicide • Suicide is the third leading cause of death for teens. Every 46 minutes, a young person kills himself or herself-- over 60% of the time with a firearm. In 1994, 3,344 youths aged 15-24 committed suicide with firearms. Psychology 314

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