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Unit 1: The Renaissance and Reformation (1300 – 1600)

Unit 1: The Renaissance and Reformation (1300 – 1600). Martin Luther Leads the Reformation!. Explain causes to the Reformation Can use a reading strategy (Margin Magnets) to enhance my reading Objective

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Unit 1: The Renaissance and Reformation (1300 – 1600)

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  1. Unit 1: The Renaissance and Reformation (1300 – 1600) Martin Luther Leads the Reformation!

  2. Explain causes to the Reformation • Can use a reading strategy (Margin Magnets) to enhance my reading Objective To explain how corruption in the Church led people to begin to question the teachings of the church.

  3. Vocabulary • Corruption (Vocab) • Illiterate (Vocab) • Simony (Concept) • Indulgence (Concept) • Chastity (Vocab) • Alexander VI (Person)

  4. Margin Magnets • 5 W’s: Who, What, Where, When, Why? • DEF – Underlined and Draw a line to it

  5. The Reformation – a movement that led to the founding of Protestant, Christian churches that did not accept the authority of the Pope.

  6. Criticisms of the Catholic Church • Popes spent lots of $$$ on art and pleasure and even fought wars! • Pope Alexander IV admitted he had several children! • Some lower clergy were illiterate, drank in excess, married, and gambled! • People began to expect more from priests and church leaders. • Early 1400s, John Wycliffe of England denied Pope’s right to pleasure & said Bible was ultimate authority. • Christian Humanists (i.e. Thomas More) formed their opinions in 1500s.

  7. Martin Luther Challenges the Church • Martin Luther (1483-1546) – Bible teacher at U of Wittenberg (Saxony, Germany). • 1517 he took a stand against Johann Tetzel, a friar who was raising $$$ to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral by selling indulgences – a pardon for sin.

  8. The 95 Theses and Luther’s Teachings • The 95 Theses – formal statements attacking the church’s “pardon merchants” • Oct. 31, 1517 he nailed them to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg (modern Germany). • The theses went to the printing press and spread all over Germany. • This began the Protestant Reformation – a movement for religious reform and led the founding of churches that did not accept the pope’s authority. Luther taught: 1. Salvation by faith alone! 2. Bible is the only authority! 3. All people are equal in faith and priests not needed to interpret Bible!

  9. Luther is Excommunicated • 1520 – Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Church because Luther wouldn’t take back his theses. • Luther’s students cheered in Wittenberg as he threw the pope’s decree into a bonfire.

  10. Emperor Charles V Opposes Luther • Holy Roman Empire (present day Germany) issued the Edict of Worms (1521) when Luther wouldn’t go back on his word. • He was declared an outlaw and no one in the empire was to give him food or shelter because he was a heretic and all of his books were to be burned.

  11. Lutheranism is Born • Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony disobeyed Charles V and sheltered Luther in a castle. • Luther translated the New Testament into German. • By 1522, instead of continuing to protest against the Church, Luther and his followers formed their own church – The Lutheran Church.

  12. The Peasants Revolt (1524-1526) • German peasants, excited by talk of religious freedom, demanded an end to serfdom. • Angry peasants attacked monasteries pillaging and burning. • Luther was horrified and urged princes to show them no mercy. • Nearly 100,000 were killed; many felt betrayed and rejected Luther’s leadership

  13. Germany Goes to War • 1529 – German princes who remained loyal to the pope joined forces against Luther’s ideas. • The protesting princes who supported Luther became known as Protestants. • Charles V went to war against the Protestant princes and beat them in 1547, but failed to force them back into the Catholic Church. • In 1555, tired of war, Charles V ordered all German princes to Augsburg, Germany. • Peace of Augsburg said that each ruler could decide the religion for that state.

  14. Luther Leads the ReformationExit Slip • How many theses did Luther issue against the Catholic Church? a. 21 b. 50 c. 95 d. 112 • Luther was angry over the sale of _______, or pardons for sin issued by priests. a. Treaties b. Indulgences c. Edicts d. Credits • The emperor who condemned Luther by issuing the Edict of Worms was _________. a. Charles V b. Henry VIII c. Elizabeth I d. Leo X • Today, Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches are called _________. a. Missionaries b. Heretics c. Protestants d. Pagans

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