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Opener:. Define the following terms: Abolitionist Underground Railroad When you are finished, read the section on page 402 entitled, “ A Spirit of Revival ”. – use grey American Nation book. Today’s Objectives:.
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Opener: • Define the following terms: • Abolitionist • Underground Railroad • When you are finished, read the section on page 402 entitled, “A Spirit of Revival”. – use grey American Nation book.
Today’s Objectives: • Describe the formation and development of the abolitionist movement by considering the roles of key leaders: • John Brown • Harriet Tubman • Sojourner Truth • William Lloyd Garrison • Frederick Douglas • Describe the response of both northerners and southerners to the abolition movement.
What is… • An Abolitionist? • The Underground Railroad?
READ – OOOH Scary!! • Read the last paragraph on page 405 of your text book. • In your notes, explain why some northerners opposed abolition.
Read, again!?! – OOOH the HORROR! • Read the last two paragraphs on page 406 of your book. • In your notebook, explain the reasons why Southerners defended slavery.
Second Great Awakening • Colonial belief was that souls are predestined – God decided the fate of persons soul. • Salvation – people’s actions determined their soul’s final destination. • “Doctrine of Free Will” fits well with political ideas of democracy and independence.
Roots of the Abolitionist Movement • Prominent leaders opposed slavery – Alexander Hamilton & Benjamin Franklin • Believed in the Declaration of Independence , “that all men are created equal”. • 1780 Pennsylvania is first to outlaw slavery. • By 1804, nearly every northern state had or pledged to end slavery. • Northwest Ordinance of 1785 outlaws slavery in the new territories. • 1804, Ohio enters as first state to ban slavery in its state constitution.
Radical Ideas • 1817 – American Colonization Society sets forth a plan to “colonize” Liberia. • Plan calls for blacks to gradually be sent to Africa. • Abraham Lincoln later criticized for supporting this idea.
William Lloyd Garrison – p. 455 • Quaker • Strongly opposed to violence • Favored full political rights for African Americans. • 1831 launches “The Liberator” • Became nation’s leading abolitionist newspaper. • Cofounded the New England Anti-Slavery Society.
William Lloyd Garrison, Liberator, January 1831 • “Let Southern oppressors tremble-let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble…On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm…but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD.”
William Lloyd Garrison, Liberator, January 1831 • “Let Southern oppressors tremble-let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble…On this subject, I do not with to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm…but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD.” • In your notebook take a moment to respond: • What is Garrison’s attitude toward slaveholders? • How do you know that Garrison is taking a firm stand against slavery?
Frederick Douglass – p. 460 • Born a slave • Taught himself to read. • Encouraged by Garrison and others to share his slave experiences. • Risked being caught through public speaking. • Published anti-slavery newspaper, “The North Star”.
Discussion – 2 minutes • What role did William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass play in the abolitionist movement?
The Underground Railroad – p. 456 • Fugitive Slave Law – 1850 • “Conductors” led slaves from one “station” to the next. • Stations were usually homes but could be churches or caves. • Supporters donated clothes, food and money for boat or train rides. • Levi Coffin, Indiana Quaker, assisted over 3,000 fugitives.
Discussion – 2 minutes • Explain how the Underground Railroad got its name. • Explain how the Underground Railroad worked.
The Underground Railroad • Harriet Tubman • Former slave • Called the “Black Moses” • Made 19 trips to the South and “never lost a passenger”. • Slave owners put $40,000 bounty for her capture.
Discussion – 1 minute • What role did Harriet Tubman play in the abolitionist movement?
Sojourner Truth – p. 459 • “Ain’t I a woman?” • Advocate for women’s rights and racial equality. • Born a slave • Changed name to Sojourner Truth.
Opener • Write the definitions to the following terms: • Popular Sovereignty • Arsenal • Fugitive
John Brown • Obsessed with ending slavery. • Leads a “Holy War” • Bases his hatred of slavery on the Old Testament – “eye for an eye” and fighting one’s oppressors. • Early experiences have HUGE impact. • Brown is more “Humanitarian” than abolitionist. • Sees African Americans as TRUE equals.
Reactions • Hero to martyr. • Opportunity for abolitionist propaganda. • Prayer meetings on execution day. • Bells toll throughout the North. • “John Brown’s Body” • Brown is a TERRORIST. • Increases intense fear. • Copycats? • Strict laws against insurrection. • Condition in South causes some to call it a “Reign of Terror!” North South
Writing – 4 minutes • How was John Brown’s approach different than the other abolitionists of his time? • How did Brown’s actions at Harpers Ferry affect the South and their preparedness for war?
Notes: • Slavery dies in the North due to influential leaders and laws restricting its spread. • William Lloyd Garrison publishes anti-slavery newspaper, “The Liberator”. • Frederick Douglass, a fugitive slave, speaks publicly and prints newspaper, “The North Star” to end slavery. • Harriet Tubman escapes slavery to help others through the Underground Railroad. • Sojourner Truth becomes an advocate for women’s rights and racial equality. • John Brown attempts to end slavery through violent means and is captured and executed after attempting to secure weapons at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. • Most Northerners approve of abolition, but NOT equality. • Northerners fear free blacks may take jobs by agreeing to work for lower wages. • Northern business owners dislike abolitionists because they are dependent on cotton from the south.
Mastery Quiz • Explain the role of William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass during the abolition movement. • How were John Brown’s methods during the abolition movement different than others? (Explain others’ methods, too!) • Give at least two reasons why many Northerners did not support abolition.