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Kingdoms of Africa

Kingdoms of Africa. Ch. 15. Draw a map of Africa in your notes. Nile River. On your map of Africa: Draw in the Nile River and Niger River Color the Sahara desert. Niger River. The Big Questions. What were the major civilizations of Africa during the post-classical era?

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Kingdoms of Africa

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  1. Kingdoms of Africa Ch. 15

  2. Draw a map of Africa in your notes.

  3. Nile River • On your map of Africa: • Draw in the Nile River and Niger River • Color the Sahara desert Niger River

  4. The Big Questions • What were the major civilizations of Africa during the post-classical era? • What political, economic, and social effects did Islam have in African kingdoms?

  5. Introduction • In ancient times, the rise of Egyptian civilization affected African cultures along the upper Nile • Kush • an early iron-producing center • Axum • Located in Ethiopia • Christianity =official religion (330 A.D.) • dominated trade in slaves and ivory.

  6. Locate the kingdoms of Kush and Axum on your map. • Create a key in the lower left section of your map • Kush • Axum

  7. Gold-Salt Trade • Sahara was never completely cut off from Eurasia • Muslim merchants crossed the Sahara because of gold and other riches • West Africa lacked salt • Merchants exchanged salt for gold • A thriving trade developed, based on gold-salt trade

  8. Draw in trade routes

  9. Kingdom of Ghana – 750-1200 Draw an outline of Ghana on your map and add it to your key. Kingdom of Ghana

  10. Ghana • Used iron weapons to conquer neighbors and gain control over major trade routes • Caravans brought salt south and returned north with gold • Power of kings rested on ability to tax all trade, especially the gold-salt trade • Used captives of war as slaves • 1076 - invaded by Muslims from North Africa • Muslims brought Islam to West Africa

  11. Kingdom of Mali – 1240-1400 • Draw an outline of the Kingdom of Mali on your map (different than Ghana) and add it to your key. • label Timbuktu Timbuktu Kingdom of Mali

  12. Mali • 1240- SundiataKeitathe of Mali conquered Ghana and established a new empire. • Rulers brought both gold and salt mines under direct control • Rulers converted to Islam, most people did not • Mansa Musa (r1312-1337) • expanded kingdom • Religious pilgrimage to Mecca 1324-1325 • Brought Muslim scholars and architects back to Mali with him • Muslim scholarship flourished

  13. Ibn Battuta – • Arab traveler • Wrote about Mansa Musa • He was like the Marco Polo of the Muslims

  14. Timbuktu • Trading city • Center of several important universities • Center of Muslim scholarship • Sankore mosque

  15. Kingdom of Songhai – 1464-1600 Draw an outline of the Kingdom of Songhai (new color) and include it on your key. Kingdom of Songhai

  16. Songhai • 1464, Sultan Sunni Ali, captured Timbuktu • Grew rich from trade • Divided into provinces • Created a navy and cavalry • Expanded its trading networks • Center of Muslim scholarship

  17. Kingdom of Benin Draw Benin on your map and add it to your key Kingdom of Benin

  18. Kingdom of Benin 1440-1897 • Famous for copper and bronze sculptures • Became involved with the slave trade

  19. The Great Zimbabwe • Best known trading kingdom of South Africa • Great deposits of gold • Traded gold, copper, and ivory Towers of the Great Zimbabwe

  20. Zimbabwe, Trading Cities, and Migrations. Add Zimbabwe to your map. Also, add the East African Trading cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa. Finally, add arrows representing the movement of the Bantu migrations. Mogadishu Mombasa Kilwa Zimbabwe

  21. SLAVERY • Slavery in Africa • Captives of war, debtors, criminals • Used as domestic laborers • No social stigma • Slaves could receive freedom, become part of family • Slave trading • Increased after the 11th century • Demand greater than supply • Slave raids

  22. Delhi Sultanate 1206–1527 • Established by nomadic warriors • Iron stirrups • Crossbow • Sultan Iltutmish • 1st ruler • Successor= daughter Raziya • Rulers used terror • Religious conflicts • Decline • Personal and religious rivalries

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