Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution • A time of great rapid changes beginning in the early 1800’s when people switched from making goods by hand to manufacturing them with power-driven machines • Agriculture declines • Factories and urban population increase • Inventions and technology increase • Immigrants and blacks migrate into the northern cities • Worker unions form

Famous Inventors Henry Ford First powered car and the assembly line which allowed factories to manufacture goods faster, cheaper, and in larger quantities

Famous Inventors Thomas Edison Most prolific inventor in U.S. history. Held a record 1,093 patents in a wide range of fields, including telecommunications, electric power, sound recording, motion pictures, primary and storage batteries, and mining and cement technology Telegraph, phonograph, light bulb motion picture camera, …

Famous Inventors Alexander Graham Bell Worked with hearing impaired and invented the first telephone

Famous Inventors Orville and Wilbur Wright Invented the first powered airplane

North Carolina’s Three Main Industries Textiles Tobacco Furniture

Industrialists John D. Rockefeller oil Andrew Carnegie steel The Duke’s tobacco and hydro-electric power

Rockefeller, Carnegie, and the Duke’s Stinkin, filthy rich Monopolized an industry Philanthropist – a wealthy person who promotes welfare by donating money to educational and cultural institutions

Monopoly and Trust MONOPOLY – a company that controls all production and sales of a particular product or service TRUST – group of corporations that unite in order to reduce competition and control prices in a business or an industry Both are illegal due to the negative effects it had on the economy (ie. disparity in wealth and restriction of small business owners)

Robber Barons Name given to the industrialists that used their power and influence to ruthlessly take advantage of workers and destroy competitors in order to gain wealth.

Types of Businesses corporation – A group of people who are allowed by law to act as a business. They raise money by selling stock (shares of ownership) in the company. monopoly – A business which gains complete control of a certain product, service, or industry. When companies buy up other companies to control the sale of a product. trust – a combination of corporations formed by a legal agreement to reduce or threaten to reduce competition in order to control prices

Positive Effects on Agriculture New methods of farming - ie. rotating crops Farming becomes more productivedue to fertilizer, pesticides, steel plows Machines replace human labor Farming becomes easier with new technology Could transport goods faster with railroads and cars Telephones could connect farmers and cities Post offices allowed farmers to order supplies and tools through catalogues Farmer’s Alliance – farmer’s union formed to help address their issues

Negative Effects on Agriculture New Technology = less farmers needed = move to the city to find work Prices of crops fell Prices of tools, machines, seeds, and shipping went up Farmers had to take out loans and often couldn’t repay them High land tax Sharecroppers stayed in debt

Urbanization- a movement of people from low populated, rural areas to highly populated cities and towns. Positive Effects New kinds of jobs and opportunities opened up New modes of transportation Suburbs began to open up Immigration created diversity Steel structures and skyscrapers were built New inventions and most people had electricity and running water Labor unions were formed to help workers

Urbanization- a movement of people from low populated, rural areas to highly populated cities and towns. Negative Effects Immigrants lived in extreme poverty in crowded tenements Sweatshops and child labor Overcrowding, disease, pollution, crime Corrupt government officials that did not address the problems of the common people Big businesses monopolizing industry and getting wealthy off of exploiting workers (long hours, low pay, and dangerous conditions)

Industrial Revolution