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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Britain Leads the Way Chapter 5, Section 2. Focus Question. What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?. Why did Britain become the First Country to Industrialize?. Plentiful natural resources

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution Britain Leads the Way Chapter 5, Section 2

  2. Focus Question • What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

  3. Why did Britain become the First Country to Industrialize? • Plentiful natural resources • Ports/natural harbors to ship goods worldwide • Rivers (water for power) • Canals (transport trade) • Britain surrounded by sea • Abundant coal supplies • Supplies of iron to build machines

  4. British Workforce • Skilled mechanics and ready workforce • Population explosion led to high demand for goods • Available money • Overseas trade contributed to prosperous British economy

  5. British Workforce • Plenty capital (money) to loan and invest in new factories, mines, railroads, and enterprises (a business organization) • Stable government and political system in Britain that supported economic growth • Strong navy to protect British trade, her empire, and overseas trade • New entrepreneurs (assume financial risks of starting new business) emerged

  6. Interactive Geography Map • Click on www.phschool.com • Type mzp-1921 in the web code box and click “go” • On the next page click “continue” • Click on the ► at the bottom of the page to start the video. Turn on the volume on your speakers for the sound.

  7. Textile Industry • Industrial Revolution began in British textile (cloth) industry • British merchants developed a cotton cloth industry called the putting-out system • In the putting-out system, theraw cotton was given to peasant families • Families spun the cotton into thread in their cottages and then wove the thread into home-made cloth • But production was really s-l-o-w under the putting-out system

  8. Making Cloth By Hand Was Time-Consuming and Slow New Inventions were Needed to Speed Cloth Production

  9. New Inventions • Faster inventions increased speed of cloth production • Flying Shuttle (John Kay) • Spinning Jenny – 1764 - (James Hargreaves) • Water Frame – 1769 – Richard Arkwright – spinning machine powered by water • Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney – 1793 – separate seeds from raw cotton at fast rate – cotton production increased Cotton Gin

  10. Factories • The new machines destroyed the putting out system • The machines were too large to operate in a cottage setting • Manufacturers built factories along rivers/streams to use water as power source • Cloth spinners/weavers operated the machines in factories • Workers manufactured more products using machines than by hand – the speed of cloth manufacturing increased

  11. Transportation Problems • More goods were being produced • But transportation methods were slow and expensive • A horse and cart could only carry so many goods from one destination to another • The time to get the goods from the factory to the target destination was too long

  12. Transportation Revolution • Need to develop faster and cheaper means to transport machine-produced products • Turnpikes, canals, bridges, and harbors were constructed • Canals cut the shipping time and thus the price of coal • Development of steam locomotive caused shipping by canal to diminish – railroads could now travel where a canal was not located

  13. Steam Locomotive • Steam powered locomotive – pioneered by George Stephenson • Products could be shipped quickly and cheaply over land • First major rail line – Liverpool to Manchester – opened in 1830 • Railroad construction boomed in Britain and Europe

  14. Chain Reaction: Effects of Industrial Revolution • Machines produced goods faster than by hand • Prices fell • Lower prices made goods more affordable to more people • More consumers demanded the cheaper goods • Factories produced more goods and hired more workers to meet the demand • New wave of economic and social changes occurred – some were good changes – some were bad changes

  15. Powerpoint Questions 1. What is the name of the cloth industry where families manufactured the cloth in their cottages? 2. Who invented the cotton gin? What year? 3. The world’s first major rail line stretched from ___ to ___. 4. An entrepreneur is a type of (circle one) a. scientist b. inventor c. business person d. personal secretary

  16. Powerpoint Questions 5. The first area to go through major industrialization was ______. a. banking b. railroads c. coal mining d. textile production 6. Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution? a. coastal mountains b. moderate climate c. natural harbors d. year-round agriculture

  17. Powerpoint Questions 7. The two essential natural resources for industrialization were a. coal and iron. b. gold and silver. c. water and trees. d. steel and oil.

  18. Powerpoint Questions 8. Where were the earliest textile factories located in England? a. near the harbors b. on farms c. in the middle of large cities d. on the banks of rivers 9. England benefitted from an excellent transportation system that allowed goods to be transported to and from factories. These included -- a. carts, trains, and airplanes b. trains, rivers, and canals c. ships, cars, and trains d. horses, trains, and turnpikes

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