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Forces of Imperialism Motives:

Forces of Imperialism Motives:. Economic competition for markets & raw materials National pride Racism Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples. Forces of Imperialism Technological Advantages over Africa:. Superior weapons Railroads, cables, steamships

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Forces of Imperialism Motives:

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  1. Forces of ImperialismMotives: • Economic competition for markets & raw materials • National pride • Racism • Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

  2. Forces of ImperialismTechnological Advantages over Africa: • Superior weapons • Railroads, cables, steamships • Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria

  3. Forces of ImperialismFactors Making Africa Vulnerable: • Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures • Ethnic rivalries • Lower level of technology, including weapons

  4. Division of AfricaBerlin Conference of 1884 & 1885: • Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries • Outcomes: • Random distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups among European nations • Transformation of the way of life of Africans

  5. “From Cairo to Cape Town”

  6. Division of AfricaClash in South Africa: • Zulus • Shaka – created large centralized state • Successors unable to keep together against British superior arms – British invaded 1879 • Fell to British control in 1887 • Boers (Dutch) – a.k.a. Afrikaners • 1st Europeans to settle in S. Africa • British • Took over Cape Colony in early 1800s – clashed with Boers over British policy regarding land & slaves

  7. Division of AfricaBoer War (1899-1910): • Diamonds/gold discovered in 1860s & 1880s • Boers launched commando raids & used guerilla tactics • British burned farms & imprisoned women & children • Britain finally won • Outcome: • Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by British

  8. French Control of IndochinaHow Brought Under Control: • Missionaries were killed • French army invaded Vietnam • Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

  9. French Control of IndochinaMethod of Control: • Direct control • French themselves filled all important positions in gov’t

  10. French Control of IndochinaEconomic Policies: • Discouraged local industry • Rice became major export crop

  11. French Control of IndochinaColonial Impact: • Imposed French culture • All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models • ↓ of local industries • Less food for peasants

  12. Japanese in AsiaWar with China (Sino-Japanese War) (1894-1895): • How it started: • Rebellion broke out against Korea’s king, who asked China for military help • Chinese troops marched into Korea • Japan protested violation of agreement & sent its troops to fight the Chinese • Consequences: • Destruction of Chinese navy • Beginning of Japanese colonial empire • Change to world’s balance of power • Emergence of Russia & Japan as major powers (& enemies) in Asia

  13. Japanese in AsiaOccupation of Korea: • Annexed Korea – brought under control • Ruled Korea harshly • Established very repressive gov’t that denied rights to Korea • Inspired Korean nationalist movement

  14. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Setting the Stage: • China self-sufficient, little trade w/ west  favorable balance of trade • Europeans wanted to find product Chinese would buy in large quantities  found it in opium • Many Chinese became addicted

  15. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Causes: • Chinese emperor wanted trade stopped  Britain refused to stop

  16. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Results & Effects: • Chinese defeat & humiliation • Cession of Hong Kong to Britain • Continuation of opium trade • Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens • Chinese resentment against foreigners

  17. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Setting the Stage: • Population provided major challenge growing 30% in only 60 years

  18. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Causes: • Hunger/starvation caused by inability to feed enormous population • Increasing opium addiction • Poverty

  19. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Results & Effects: • Rebellion put down • Restoration of Qing to power (with help of British and French forces) • 20 million people died

  20. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Perry Arrives in Tokyo: • Arrives with letter from U.S. President Fillmore • Letter politely asked shogun to allow free trade • Perry gave threat that he would return with larger fleet in one year to get Japanese reply • Purpose: shock & frighten Japanese into accepting trade with U.S.

  21. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): • Japan opened two ports where ships could take supplies

  22. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Benefits to U.S.A.: • Gained rights to trade at those two ports • Opened door for other W powers

  23. Effects of ImperialismColonization: • Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

  24. Effects of ImperialismColonial Economics: • Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

  25. Effects of ImperialismChristianization: • Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia

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