What is ICD ?

1. What is ICD? The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a global standard and international public tool to organize and classify information about morbidity and mortality. “A classification of diseases can be defined as a system of categories to which health entities are assigned according to established criteria.

2. ICD purpose and uses • The ICD organizes information into standard groupings which allows for: • easy storage, retrieval and analysis of health information for evidenced-based decision-making; • sharing and comparing health information between hospitals, regions, settings and countries using a common language; and • data comparisons in the same location across different time periods.

3. ICD purpose and uses • The classification standard for all clinical and research purposes • monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases, observing • observing reimbursements and resource allocation trends • keeping track of safety and quality guidelines • counting of deaths as well as diseases, injuries, symptoms, reasons for encounter, factors that influence health status, and external causes of disease

4. ICD purpose and uses international standard for defining and reporting diseases and health conditions the foundation for the identification of health trends and statistics globally utilizing modern knowledge management Mainly areas such as oncology, gastrointestinal disorders, mental and addictive disorders, some aspects of internal medicine

5. Purpose • The purpose of the ICD is to permit the systematic recording, analysis, interpretation and comparison of mortality and morbidity data collected in different countries or areas and at different times.

6. Primary users • Physicians • Nurses • health professionals • researchers • health information managers • policy-makers • Insurers • and others

7. Extended Definition of ICD-10 • ICD-10 represents International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. • It can, therefore, be used to classify data recorded under headings such as "diagnosis", "reason for admission", "conditions treated" and "reason for consultation", which appear on a wide variety of health records from which statistics and other health-situation information are derived.

8. ICD Revisions

9. I nternational Classification of Diseases International Classification of Functioning, Disability & Health I nternational C lassification of H ealth I nterventions (under development) WHO Family of Classifications REFERENCE Classifications DERIVED Classifications International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Application of the International Classification of Diseases to Dentistry and Stomatology, Third Edition (ICD-DA) Application of the International Classification of Diseases to Neurology (ICD-10-NA) ICF, Children & Youth Version (ICF -CY) • RELATED Classifications • International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) • International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) • The Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical (ATC) classification system with Defined Daily Doses (DDD) • ISO 9999 Technical aids for persons with disabilities – Classification and Terminology I nternational Classification of Diseases

10. Overview of ICD-10 General Structure: • 3 Volumes • 22 Chapters • Alphanumeric codes

11. ICD 10 Volums Volume 1 : • Introduction • Tabular list • Morphology of neoplasm • Special tabulation lists for mortality and morbidity • Definitions • Regulations Volume 2 : Instruction manual Volume 3 : Alphabetical indexes

12. ICD 10 : COMPOSITION OF CHAPTERS(classification) Chapter number an designation I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases II Neoplasms III Disease of the blood and blood forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases V Mental and behavioural disorders VI Diseases of the nervous system VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa VIII Diseases of the ear and mastoid process IX Diseases of the circulatory system X Diseases of the respiratory system Range of codes A00-B99 C00-D48 D50-D89 E00-E90 F00-F99 G00-G99 H00-H59 H60-H95 I00-I99 J00-J99

13. ICD 10 : COMPOSITION OF CHAPTERS Chapter number an designation XI Diseases of the digestive system XII Disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue XIII Diseases of the musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue XIV Disease of the genito-urinary system XV Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium XVI Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period XVII Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities Range of codes K00-K93 L00-L99 M00-M99 N00-N99 O00-O99 P00-P95 Q00-Q99

14. ICD 10 : COMPOSITION OF CHAPTERS Chapter number and designation XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes XX External causes of morbidity and mortality XXI Factors influencing health status and contact with health services Range of codes R00-R99 S00-T98 V01-Y98 Z00-Z98

15. CHAPTER XXI FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS AND CONTACT WITH HEALTH SERVICES Persons with potential health hazards related to socio economic circumstances (Z55-Z65) • Z55 Problems related to education and literacy • Z55.3 Under achievement in school • Z56 Problems related to employment and unemployment • Z56.2 Threat of job loss • Z60 Problems related to social environment • Z60.3 Acculturation difficulty • Z65 Problems related to other psychological circumstances • Z65.4 Victim of crime and terrorism (Includes victim of torture)

16. Chapters of the ICD-10 • 22 Chapters • Roman Numerals I – XXII

17. Tabular list at chapter level • Most chapters associated with body systems • eg cardiovascular, respiratory • Special disease chapters • eg infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, congenital anomalies, perinatal conditions

18. Chapters are further divided into: • Blocks • Three Character Categories • Four Character Subcategories • Some optional characters

19. Structure of the core ICD-10 code • The The structure of the core 3 character code is:is: e structure of the core 3 character code is: • A37 37 first character followed by A to 2 digits • first character followed by • A to Z 0 to 9 2 digits

20. Structure of the ICD-10 code • The structure of the 4 character sub-categories is: • A37.1 • first character followed by then a lastly another • A to Z 2 digits point digit

21. Example: ICD-10 • Certain Infectious and parasitic diseases • Viral infections of central nervous system • A87 Viral meningitis • A87.2 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

22. Clinical Statistical Uses of Clinical Coded Data Treatment effectiveness Clinical Governance Outcome measurement Clinical audit Cost analysis Health trends Commissioning Financial flows Epidemiological studies Aetiology studies Clinical Indicators Casemix planning

23. Circulatory Disease

24. Cervical cancer

25. Cancer

26. Asthma

27. Population Analysis • Leading causes of death for the Indigenous population

28. Conclusion • International Classification of Disease has multi-dimensional purpose and usage. This has made the classification most complex. • It has become the international standard diagnostic classification for all general epidemiological and many health management purposes. • ICD helps in analysis of the general health situation of population groups and the monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases and other health problems recorded on many types of health and vital records.