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Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time in coral reef fishes

Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time in coral reef fishes. Serge PLANES. Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ( planes@univ-perp.fr ).

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Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time in coral reef fishes

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  1. Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time in coral reef fishes Serge PLANES Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  2. Connectivity, why is concentrating so much effort… • Represents the scale at which populations respond to the environment. • Represents the scale at which species adapt to the environment. • Scales of management can be adjusted to dispersal distances to achieve different management goals. For example, the appropriate size and/or spacing of marine reserves as: • Harvest refugia • Conservation sanctuaries Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  3. Connectivity and conservation… => Different processes, different mechanisms, different interpretations Different approaches (genetic) Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  4. Genetic approach… (genetic models) Species level => phylogeny, phylogeography => mutation from common ancestor Metapopulation level => gene flow estimates => Allelic frequencies variation Population level => self recruitment => relatedness estimates Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  5. Speciation and dispersal of species • Several evidences of geographix isolation • Temporal concordance among clade genesis • Temporal concordance in relation with sea-level change • Evidence of allopatry in younger clades • No sympatry found before 4 My of divergence • Absence of geographic concordance among clades => Overall modern distribution of species is not related to its age whatever their dispersal capabilities Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  6. Population genetic to understand connectivity… • => No general trend among the several species surveyed • GBR, Polynesia : different out comes => Assumption of equilibrium in most computations and consider all species on a same evolutionary stage • => genetic structure cannot be directely translated into • biological and ecological outcomes Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes (planes@univ-perp.fr)

  7. Paternity approach • Numerous variable markers • Collect tissues samples of potential adults • Collect of new recruits • Need to characterise each individual (microsatellite) • Example: • A species case with 10 loci (µsat) • (independant, equilibrium, equally frequent) • => the number of potential allele combination is 10(2x10) • …. • => the probability to found 2 similar genotypes is 1/10(2x10) • => Far from most population size at regional area Allele 1 Allele 2 Allele 3 Allele 4 Allele 5 Allele 6 Allele7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

  8. The Kimbe bay - Amphiprion percula case study

  9. Kimbe Bay case study Adult sampling

  10. Kimbe Bay case study 2004 (Total new recruits) Overall selft-recruits 66 out of 130 (51%) Lagoon A: 15 (48%) Lagoon B: 1 Lagoon C: 0 Lagoon D: 1 Lagoon E: 9 (24%) Lagoon G: 1 Main Flux: G-C-B-A 2 G (10) 2 D (21) C (10) 2 3 B (20) 2 3 1 4 6 E (37) 9 A (31) 3 2 15 F (1)

  11. Kimbe case study Turae 6% 71 2 34 Kapepa 4 Kimbe 3 Restoff 3% 2 10% 39 Wulai 1 59 11 Schuman

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