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Today s Agenda:

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Today s Agenda:

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    1. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 1 Today’s Agenda: Journal Question: What are the differences between producers, consumers and decomposers? 1. Lecture: Ecology & The Biosphere (ending on slide 45) 2. Planet Earth 3. Homework: Read Chapter 22 4. Test next week (Tuesday/Wednesday)

    2. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 2 Ecology & The Biosphere

    3. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 3 The Importance of Cells A. Cells are membrane-bound structures that are the basic units of life. B. Our environment affects our cells.

    4. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 4 You are your cells A. Simple Cellular Concept: Oxygen & Nutrients (in), Removal of waste products (out) B. Alexis Carrel won a Noble Prize in Physiology & Medicine in 1912. C. Kept a tissue culture of embryonic chicken heart cells alive for over 20 years by adding nutrients. -Longer than the life span of a chicken

    5. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 5 Cellular Organelles A. Nucleus contains DNA (Genetic Code) B. Mitochondria produces ATP (Energy) C. Lysosome contains digestive enzymes. D. Golgi Apparatus modifies proteins for export. E. Ribosomes: Protein synthesis F. Endoplasmic Reticulum (intracellular highway) G. Vacuoles store enzymes and metabolic wastes in plants.

    6. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 6 Biology Putting it all together: The Big Picture

    7. Monday, April 05, 2010 Exam Grades Next Class Today Ecology Notes Movie: Planet Earth Homework: Cornell Notes and Diagrams for Chapter 21-1 only Quiz Wednesday: Ecology 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 7

    8. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 8 Habitat A. The place where an organism lives. B. It can be different parts of a single tree or it can be different places like the desert, ocean, taiga.

    9. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 9 Niche A. The role an organism plays in its environment. B. Examples: (1) Decomposers break down organic matter.

    10. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 10 Habitat versus Niche A. Organisms do not compete with one another (Forest, Shelf Fungus, and Banana Slug) when they are in the same habitat but have different niches.

    11. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 11 Decomposers A. Return and recycle material to the environment. B. When an organism dies, the body is eaten by scavengers and decomposed by bacteria.

    12. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 12 Decomposers C. Most of the minerals within an ecosystem are recycled and returned to the environment by the help from decomposers.

    13. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 13 Producers A. Produce food (organic material) (1) Plants (autotrophs) B. There is more energy at the producer level than at the consumer level.

    14. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 14 Consumers A. A heterotroph that obtains energy from organic molecules made by other organisms.

    15. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 15 Trophic Levels A. A feeding levels in an ecosystem. B. 10% of the total energy consumed in one trophic level is incorporated into the organisms in the next trophic level.

    16. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 16 Energy Pyramids A. Shows that at the bottom (producer level) of the pyramid there is more energy. B. As you move toward the top of the pyramid there is less and less energy available.

    17. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 17 Energy Pyramids C. Energy is lost at each level of the pyramid due to: (1) Motion (2) Heat (Body Temperature) (3) Reproduction

    18. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 18 Energy (Food) Pyramid D. Energy is lost to the environment at each level, so less mass can be supported at each higher level.

    19. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 19 Predator – Prey Cycle A. Predators act as “checks” to control populations of other organisms from getting out of balance. (Draw the diagram below)

    20. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 20 Competition A. Different species can compete for resources. B. There are often winners and losers because some are better adapted to survive. Paramecia populations competing for survival

    21. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 21

    22. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 22 Introduction of a nonnative animal species: A. Nonnative animal species often disrupt an ecosystem because in their new environment they have no natural enemies. (1) Example: Introduction of Bison to Catalina Island

    23. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 23 Food Chains A. Show how energy is transferred from: Sun ? Producers ? Primary Consumers ? Secondary Consumers Sun ? Plants ? Grasshoppers ? Rodent ? Hawk

    24. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 24 Food Chains & The Soil Food Web

    25. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 25 Food Chains A. The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of energy flow through a series of organisms.

    26. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 26 Food Chains B. Energy from the sun is stored by green plants and transferred to consumers.

    27. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 27

    28. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 28 Adding Genetically Modified Food to our Food Chain A. What are the consequences? B. Creating genetically engineered food through recombinant DNA technology

    29. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 29 Genetic Engineering

    30. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 30 Genetically Modified (Transgenic) Food Around the World

    31. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 31 Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering A. Changing the genetic code by: (1) Recombinant DNA (2) Gene gun

    32. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 32 Transgenic organisms A. A host organism that has received recombinant DNA.

    33. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 33 Recombinant DNA Technology to Produce Insulin

    34. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 34

    35. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 35 Recombinant DNA Technology

    36. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 36 Popular uses of Genetic Engineering

    37. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 37 How common is corn in our daily diet?

    38. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 38 High Fructose Corn Syrup A. High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) has replaced sugar as the sweetener in many: 1. Breads 2. Cereals 3. Breakfast bars 4. Lunch meats 5. Yogurts 6. Soups 7. Sodas 8. Condiments

    39. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 39 High Fructose Corn Syrup Monday, Jan. 26, 2009 (Health Day News) Almost half of the tested samples of commercial high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) contained mercury. -Mercury is toxic in all of its forms. HFCS is the first or second highest labeled ingredient, according to two new U.S. studies. On the average, Americans consume about 12 teaspoons per day of HFCS, but teens and other high consumers can take 80 percent more HFCS than average.

    40. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 40 High Fructose Corn Syrup Consumption

    41. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 41 What’s in our environment?

    42. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 42 What’s in our water?

    43. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 43 The Green House Effect & Our Environment: Disruption of Ecosystems

    44. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 44

    45. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 45 Greenhouse Gas Emitters

    46. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 46

    47. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 47 Next time: A. Video: The Future of Food -Discusses genetically modified food and its potential impact on Food Webs & Food Chains B. Test next Tuesday/Wednesday

    48. 9/15/2012 Dr. Rick Woodward 48 Dr. Arpad Pusztai A. Worked with genetically modified potatoes.

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