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AP Chapter 34

AP Chapter 34. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War. I. The London Conference. 1933-66 nations to gather to fight global depression -FDR-focusing on home, declined conference “Every man for himself”. II. Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians.

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AP Chapter 34

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  1. AP Chapter 34 Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War

  2. I. The London Conference 1933-66 nations to gather to fight global depression -FDR-focusing on home, declined conference “Every man for himself”

  3. II. Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians Philippines-America hope to free itself of its financial costly possession Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)-12 years for freedom 1933-FDR recognizes USSR (counterweight to Germany and Japan)

  4. III. Becoming a Good Neighbor Good Neighbor Policy-FDR’s policy to build friendlier relations with western hemisphere nations -marines pulled out of Haiti -Platt Amendment lifted in Cuba -US relaxed on Isthmus -Mexico retained oil against American corporation protest

  5. IV. Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements -designed to uplift American exports -Americans would reduce rates up to 50% if other country was willing to do so -Attempt to make domestic and international economies grow -paved way for American led free trade agreements after WWII

  6. V. Storm-Cellar Isolationism USSR-Joseph Stalin-seized control of totalitarian USSR Benito Mussolini-Italy (invaded Ethiopia) Adolph Hitler-Germany (Rome-Berlin Axis with Italy) Japan-brewing Navy in Asia League of Nations-helpless US-Johnson Debt Default Act-debt dodging nations could no longer borrow money Americans-stay out and focus on own suffering

  7. VI. Congress Legislates Neutrality Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36 and 37 -if President recognizes foreign wars, Americans cannot sail on a belligerent ship, transport munitions to a belligerent or loan money to a belligerent -idea that Americans helped cause WWI to make profits -actuality-no distinction made and balance in favor of dictators

  8. VII. American Dooms Loyalist Spain Spain-fight between Francisco Franco (fascist with Italy and Germany) v. Loyalist regime -Abraham Lincoln Brigade-3k Americans who went to help Loyalist regime US declared both groups at war-embargoed both Franco wins and Spain’s democracy dies

  9. VIII. Appeasing Japan and Germany Japan -Beijing-all out invasion of China -FDR-Quarantine Speech-positive endeavors to quarantine the aggressors-economic embargos -Panay-US ship sunk-paid for by Japan -Japanese humiliated Americans in China by slappings and strippings

  10. Germany -building up armed forces -took back Rhineland -took back Austria -took Sudetenland -took Czechoslovakia -appeased by democracies

  11. IX. Hitler’s Belligerency and US Neutrality Hitler Stalin Pact -nonaggression pact between Germany and USSR -Germany-clear to fight west -9/1/1939-Poland blitzkrieg-France and Britain declare war Neutrality Act of 1939 -cash and carry for Allies to get American goods

  12. X. The Fall of France USSR-knocked out Finland Germany-knocked out Denmark, Norway, Netherlands and Belgium -France fell in June 1940 -Britain left alone Congress-$37 billion to be prepared for war -1940 conscription-first non wartime draft

  13. XI. Refugees from the Holocaust Kristallnacht-11/9/38—Germans attacked Jewish shops and synagogues-91 Jews died and 30k more sent to concentration camps St. Louis-ship from Hamburg to Havana to US to Canada and back to Europe harboring Jewish refugees denied in US -War Refugees Board-help bring Jews into US after Nazi genocide began to be verified in 1942 -US Rescued 150k compared to 6 million who died

  14. XII. Bolstering Britain Britain left alone -Battle of Britain-Americans heard radio reports -Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies -America First Committee -FDR-transfer 50 WWI ships to England and US gain 8 strategic base sites

  15. XIII. Shattering the Two-Term Tradition Election of 1940 -(R)-Political newcomer Wendell L. Willkie - “dictator” Roosevelt although agreed -(D) FDR -ran for 3rd term as lingering war crisis -won based on experience as there was possibility of war

  16. XIV. A Landmark Lend-Lease Law Land Lease Bill -US provide weapons to nations fighting dictators and would receive them back at the end of the war -passed with Isolationist and anti-Roosevelt opposition -$50 billion spent on it during WWII -Ended American pretense of neutrality -Robin Moor-unarmed merchant ship-sunk by Germany

  17. XV. Charting a New World Hitler attacked Russia on June 22, 1941 US sent $1 billion aid to USSR Atlantic Charter (FDR and Churchill) -no territorial changes -people could choose gov’t -disarmament and peace of security -followed Wilson’s points

  18. XVI. US Destroyers and Hitler’s U-boats Clash US-sent destroyers to protect merchant ships as far as Iceland (Britain had to finish the journey) -U-boats attacked ships and destroyers -Arm merchant ships in November 1941

  19. XVII. Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor US-embargo gasoline and machinery supplies Japan and Washington relations-Japan needed them to continue war in China (4 years going) 12/7/1941-bombed Pearl Harbor -3k personnel harmed 12/11/41-US declares war officially

  20. XVIII. America’s Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent Slowly-help Britain and prevent trade with Japan Events slowly crept up to Pearl Harbor -Defend democracy than let dictators rule supreme

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