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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. Objectives: Define Geology Describe the three main groups of rocks Explain the rock cycle. Geology. Root words: “Geo” means Earth “logos” means study of. Geology then literally means “Study of Earth”.

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle Objectives: Define Geology Describe the three main groups of rocks Explain the rock cycle

  2. Geology • Root words: • “Geo” means Earth • “logos” means study of Geology then literally means “Study of Earth”. In a more academic sense, Geology is the study of the structure of the planet Earth and the forces that make and shape the Earth.

  3. Principle of uniformitarianism • Do rocks last forever? • Does the Earth look the same as it did thousands of years ago? • When did the surface of the Earth start changing? • What evidence do we have that the Earth has changed? In the 1700, a Scottish doctor and farmer named James Hutton studied the rocks and landscape around him trying to answer these questions.

  4. Geologic processes that operate today also operated in the past.

  5. The way to get an A in Social Studies is the same as the way to get an A in Science (study and participate). • For example:

  6. The rates of erosion of a piece of exposed sandstone are the same now than when it was formed (this allows us to estimate age).

  7. What Are Rocks? • Rocks are really nothing more than a combination of a few different minerals, some just one mineral. • Although there are close to 2000 minerals that have been identified, there are 8 which are most commonly found in rocks on our planet: Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium. No matter what a specific rock is made of, it has one thing in common with every other rock on the planet: it is classified by how it is formed.

  8. Types of Rocks Geologists classify rocks into three main groups: • Igneous – made through fire • Sedimentary – made through settling • Metamorphic - made through change

  9. Igneous Rock Igneous rocks form when molten material from beneath the Earth’s surface cools and hardens. • Granite (left) and obsidian (right) are both igneous rocks. These two were found in basically the same spot of the Sierra Nevada at roughly the same location and have the same basic composition. • Why are they so different? • Think – tell your neighbor – share out.

  10. Sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock is made of sediments that have been deposited and then pressed together to form solid rock. Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?

  11. Metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions Shale (sedimentary) + heat and pressure = Slate Basalt (igneous) + heat and pressure = Greenstone

  12. The Rock Cycle The rock cycle is a series of processes on and beneath the Earth’s surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another. Rock Cycle Jam

  13. The rock cycle is a process by which rock changes from one type to another. Rocks are classified according to how they are formed. Rocks that are formed by cooling magma or lava are called igneous rocks. Rocks that are formed by weathered particles that become compacted and cemented are called sedimentary rocks. Rocks formed by extreme heat and pressure are called metamorphic rocks.

  14. Rock Cycle Video

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