http://www.zazzle.com/black_death_postcard-239150481233749574

1. http://www.zazzle.com/black_death_postcard-239150481233749574http://www.zazzle.com/black_death_postcard-239150481233749574

2. http://www.coloradocollege.edu/dept/hy/Ashley/HY104/images/MapKeys/renaissancemaps.htmhttp://www.coloradocollege.edu/dept/hy/Ashley/HY104/images/MapKeys/renaissancemaps.htm

3. http://www.kozerawski.com/2007/08/09/plague/

4. http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/black-death-entered-britain-through-the-port-of-weymouthhttp://www.awesomestories.com/assets/black-death-entered-britain-through-the-port-of-weymouth

5. The Black Death • 1348-1351: Most devastating natural disaster in European history • Cause unknown (at the time), aka Bubonic Plague killed over 30 mil. • Plagues often seen as God’s wrath • Public turned to Church for answers • Death seemed to follow trade routes • Italian merchants carried it from Black Sea, spread across Europe • Plague had wide-ranging impacts • Created wave of anti-Semitism • Loss of population led to high demand for labor, low food prices • Peasants had more economic power Physician’s uniform designed to prevent contracting the Bubonic Plague

6. The greatest social impact of the plague was that the rigid feudal system, in place in Europe for a thousand years, was dismantled. • With immense labor shortages, serfs were free to leave the lands of the lords to seek higher wages. • Additionally, land that had traditionally been the primary source of wealth was now worthless. Entire estates, abandoned as families fell to the plague or fled in a futile bid to escape its wrath, were there for the taking. Social Effects

7. The immediate economic effect of the plague was that the huge death toll created a serious labor shortage that affected all aspects of the economy. • In agriculture, if the plague struck a town in summer, there were not enough laborers to harvest crops in the fall. If it struck in the winter, there were not enough laborers to plant in the spring. • Eventually, small farming villages and towns disappeared from the map because there was no one left to farm the land. The few who survived moved to other lands. Economic Effects

8. As was the case socially, the breakdown of the feudal system had a lasting impact in Europe. • Many nobles and vassals were killed by the plague. So great was the death toll and fear of the plague that many courts and legislative bodies, on both the local and provincial levels, were abandoned. Even the art of waging war was affected by the plague: In 1348, the Hundred Years' War was postponed due to the high plague-related death toll among soldiers. Political Effects

9. A Decline in Church Power • European kings challenge papal claims to supreme authority • King Philip IV of France defied pope, tried to tax French clergy • When pope died, Philip “elected” new French pope under his rule • “Avignon” popes unpopular • Pope eventually returned to Italy • Italians reject French Pope, elected one of their own • The Great Schism: Catholic Church had two supreme leaders, each excommunicating the other • Hurt authority, credibility of popes

10. The Hundred Years War • 1337-1453: France and England battled over territory, pride • Began as a battle of knights, turned into brutal battle of peasant soldiers • England won battles, could never conquer all of France • 17-year-old French peasant, Joan of Arc, inspired new king, armies to victory with her spiritual visions • Joan captured, executed as heretic • Political Recovery in 15th Century • New monarchies established • France, England, Spain stronger • Holy Roman Empire fails to unite Painting of Joan of Arc at Battle of Orleans

11. Joan of Arc

12. Joan of Arc1412- May 30, 1431 • At age 17 led French to victory at the Siege of Orleans against the English in the 100 Years’ War. • Captured and Condemned as a witch by the (Catholic) church court of England • Burned at the stake at age 19 • Later canonized as a Catholic Saint and became a French war hero

13. Political Recovery • Establishment of New Monarchies • France • Spain • England • King Louis XI • Spider King • Used the taille to have a regular source of income • Helped create the foundations of a strong French monarchy

14. England • War of the Roses • Civil conflict on who would control • Henry Tudor established monarchy in 1485 (Henry VII) • He won support by not overtaxing the nobles and middle class • Spain • 725 Christian rulers fought the Muslims for control • Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand joined to make a strong monarchy

15. Known as “Most Catholic” monarchs • Achieved their goal of religious conformity • Central and Eastern Europe • Not able to create strong monarchies • Religious differences led to groups confronting each other.