CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF & THEIR NUTRITIVE VALUE

1. CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF & THEIR NUTRITIVE VALUE DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

2. Feed Nomenclature • Feed names follow the International Feed Vocabulary • Official names and definitions are designated for most of the feeds • Feed names are determined by using the following descriptors. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

3. Feed Nomenclature • Origin of feed both scientific and common. • Part eaten by animal. • Process (es) and treatments(s) applied to the feed before eaten by animal. • Stage of maturity when harvested. • Cutting of crop. • Grade or quality designations. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

4. International Feed Classes • There are eight classes of feeds, based on composition and use. • In borderline cases, feed is placed in a class according to its most common use in feeding practices. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

5. International Feed Classes • 1 = Dry Roughages • 2 = Pasture and Range Grasses • 3 = Silages and Haylages • 4 = High-Energy Feeds • 5 = Protein Supplements • 6 = Mineral Supplements • 7 = Vitamin Supplements • 8 = Non-Nutritive Feed Additives DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

6. Assumptions & Exceptions • Assumptions • Classification 4 (High energy feeds) • Contains more than 70% TDN • Contains less than 18% Crude Fiber • Classification 5 (Protein supplements) • Contains more than 20% CP • Exceptions • Example - Corn silage • Greater than 70% TDN • But classified as #3 • Example - Quality alfalfa hay • 23% CP • But classified as #1 DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

7. International Feed Number • Feeds are identified by a six digit number. • The first number is the feed class number and the remaining five are the IFN. • The IFN links the name with the chemical and biological data. • The IFN is useful for computer formulations, diet formulation of particular animals & trade of ingredients. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

8. Animal Medicago Triticum Zea - Sativa Aestivum Mays - - - - Animal Alfalfa Wheat Maize - - - - - - - - Livers Aerial Flour by product Gluten with bran Grounded Sun-cured - Wet milled - Early bloom - - - - - - - - Less than 4.5% fibre - Animal liver meal Sun Cured Alfalfa Hay Wheat Middlings, less than 4.5% fibre Corn gluten feed 5-00-389 1-00-059 4-05-203 4-02-903 INTERNATIONAL FEED DESCRIPTION Genus Species Variety Generic Breed or kind Strain Part Process Maturity Cutting Grade FEED NAME INTERNATIONAL FEED NUMBER DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

9. Concentrates • The three kinds of concentrates • Grains, • Supplements and • Byproduct feeds. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

10. Concentrates • Common grains are • corn, oats, barley, sorghum (milo), rice and wheat. • Byproduct feeds from the milling & brewing industries and include • wheat bran, rice bran, wheat middlings, molasses, brewer’s grain, beet pulp, malt sprouts & etc. • Supplements are • Protein feeds • Minerals and • Vitamins. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

11. Protein supplements • SUPPLEMENTS ARE EITHER FROM • Animal origin or • Vegetable origin. • Urea is a non protein supplement, neither animal nor vegetable origin & used primarily in feeding of ruminants. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

12. Animal Protein Products • Very high crude protein levels • Mostly non-ruminant feed source • By-product of slaughter facilities • High in Calcium and Phosphorus • Examples • Fish meal • Blood Meal • Meat meal • Meat and bone meal • Hydrolyzed feather meal • Dried skim milk • Whey proteins & • Tankage • Consistitutes the dried and ground residues of animal carcasses & a protein supplement feed for livestock DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

13. Fish Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

14. Blood Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

15. Meat and Bone Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

16. Vegetable protein sources & their ranking Soybean meal Canola meal Guar meal Sunflower meal Rape seed meal Cotton seed meal Linseed meal Safflower meal Groundnut meal Poppy seed meal Corn gluten DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

17. BASIC STRUCTURE OF SEED DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

18. Soybean meal is the largest produced oilseed meal in the world. Soybean being used in different forms is Full fat soybean 38-40% protein 18-20% fat Dehulled meal 47-49% protein Hulled meal 44%(avg.) protein Soybeans & Soybean Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

19. Soybean Soybean Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

20. Good Qualities • Excellent source of lysine tryptophan and threonine BUT • Methionin is deficient. • Soy proteins + Corn Proteins A balance mixture for poultry feed requirement. • Lower variation in total amino acid content than • In fish meal, canola and rapeseed meal. • 89% digestibility of lysine and methionine. • Ample amount of sulfur containing amino acid. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

21. Demerits • It contains soyin a toxic protein that depress appetite. • Trypsin inhibitors that reduce the availability of methionine and cystine. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

22. Rapeseed Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

23. Limitations • It contains glucosinolate and erucic acid. • Erucic acid is converted to oleic acid that depress the growth rate and egg production. • Amino acid contents are similar to soybean but lower lysine and higher methionine. • Rich source of selenium. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

24. Canola Meal • Nutritionally superior to the rape seed • Known as “double zero” variety & • Commercially known as Canola. • Level of glucosinolates < 30µmol/gm • As compare with RSM >150µmol/gm • Level of erucic acid < 2% • As compare with RSM > 4% DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

25. Canola Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

26. Good Qualities • Rank second in terms of production. • Mineral content is high like calcium, phosphorus and sulfur. • Well balanced amino acid profile only lysine is deficient. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

27. Sunflower DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

28. Nutritional Profile DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

29. Good & bad Qualities • Sunflower meal is high in methionine • When used in combination with soybean meal gives good results • Crude fiber • Fiber contents of partially dehulled or non-dehulled meal exceed 20% • Major limiting factor for its use in poultry • Tannins • Contain tannins like compound • Inhibits activity of digestive enzymes DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

30. Cotton Seeds & Cotton seed Meal DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

31. Nutritional Profile DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

32. Bad Qualities • Inferior in four of the most important amino acids lysine, methionine, threonine and trytophane. • Digestibility of these amino acids is lower than that found in soybean meal. • Gossypol is a the toxic compound of cotton seed meal limiting its use. • Free gossypol damage the myocardium and liver. • Aflatoxins cause neurological disorders, liver damage and reduce growth & This is main problem of storage of meal. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

33. CORN GLUTEN MEAL • High in protein 60% BUT • Very deficient in lysine • Very high in xanthophyll - up to 300 mg/kg & • used to pigment poultry products. • High in mycotoxins DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

34. Nutritional Profile DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

35. Safflower meal • Safflower plant require less water. • The meal is high in fiber and low in protein unless the hulls are removed. The dehulled safflower meal contains 46% protein and 21% ADF The protein is deficient in S-containing AA and lysine. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

36. Linseed meal • Linseed meal is prepared from flaxseeds. • The CP contents is relatively low(35%). • Deficient in lysine. • Selenium contents are higher. • The meal contains cyanogenic glucosides. • Linseed is mostly used in ruminants and horses but rarely in poultry due to. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

37. 1- Poor amino acid distribution. • 2-High fiber. • 3-Lexative nature. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

38. Sesame meal • It contains 38-40% CP. • Protein is low in lysine and good level of methionine. • It contains enough amount of phytic acid that interfere with zinc utilization. DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

39. Comparison of meals DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

40. Energy Comparison in poultry DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL

41. Protein Sources DR. ABDUR RAHMAN SIAL