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CONQUEST OF THE WEST

CONQUEST OF THE WEST. Chapter 16. Societies of the Far West. Native Americans. Eastern Tribes. *Some Eastern tribes had relocated west of Mississippi River: Cherokee and Creek. Western Tribes. Indians of the Pacific Coast: Chumash, Chinook

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CONQUEST OF THE WEST

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  1. CONQUEST OF THE WEST Chapter 16

  2. Societies of the Far West

  3. Native Americans

  4. Eastern Tribes *Some Eastern tribes had relocated west of Mississippi River: Cherokee and Creek

  5. Western Tribes • Indians of the Pacific Coast: Chumash, Chinook • Indians of the Southwest: Navajo, Comanche, Apache

  6. Plains Indian *various tribes divided into bands *some sedentary, most nomadic hunters*movement often based on migration of buffalo *finest light cavalry in the world

  7. Weakness *Never able to unite against white aggression. Groups too independent *Conflicts between tribes distract from fighting whites one group may help whites against another group

  8. Hispanic Communities *located in former possessions of Spain/Mexico: New Mexico, Texas, California *As more whites come Hispanics lose land and power

  9. Chinese Migration *Begins after 1848 *by 1880 200,000 move to US – mostly California

  10. Some resent Chinese Immigrants *resent success of Chinese *seen as rivals in economy

  11. Transcontinental Railroad *over 12,000 work on RR *90% of Central Pacific labor *worked long hours for low pay

  12. After Railroad finished: *some hire as laborers *some work the land *many go to cities

  13. By 1900 50% of Chinese population lives in cities of California “Chinatowns”

  14. Nativism Returns *Chinese undercutting whites in wages and hours *Local laws appear *Physical Attacks

  15. Chinese Exclusion Act *1882 *Bans immigration for 10 years *Bars Chinese in country from becoming naturalized citizens

  16. Act renewed in 1892 • Made permanent in 1902

  17. Changing Western Economy

  18. Labor in the West *Occasional labor shortage *work force stratified along racial lines

  19. Mining *1st economic boom of West * Gold and/or silver strikes: Colorado 59 Nevada 59 Black Hills 74

  20. Ranching

  21. Cattle Drive How to get cattle in Texas to markets in the East?

  22. From 1867 to 1871 1.5 million head of cattle are brought to Abilene along the Chisholm Trail

  23. Frederic Remington Myth of the Cowboy

  24. “America as a wide-open land of unlimited opportunity for the strong, ambitious, self-reliant individual to thrust his way to the top” Richard Slotkin The Fatal Environment: the myth of the frontier, 1800-1890

  25. Dash for Timber

  26. Farming

  27. Joseph Glidden - 1874

  28. Closing the West

  29. Frederick Jackson Turner The Frontier Thesis

  30. End of the American Indian The End of the American Indians

  31. Concentration Policy *Desire of whites to get Indian land *Each tribe assigned a reservation *Divided tribes-easy to control

  32. Administration of Indian Reservations *officials often corrupt or ineffective *well-meaning officials didn’t understand tribal ways

  33. Indian Wars

  34. Sand Creek Massacre *Arapaho & Cheyenne under Black Kettle *Flag of truce *133 killed most women & children

  35. George Armstrong Custer

  36. Battle of the Little Big Horn Custer’s Last Stand June 25, 1876

  37. Nez Perce *Chief Joseph *200 warriors+350 w&c *attempt to go to Canada *cover 1321 miles

  38. Chief Joseph

  39. Final resistance in Southwest *Geronimo fights from Mexico *Surrenders in 1886 with 30 others *Pursued by 10,000

  40. *Ghost Dancers-vision of Whites leaving *Wounded Knee-Sioux *40 soldiers 200 Sioux killed *1890 last ‘battle’

  41. Dawes Act 1887 *Gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land *Give land to individuals *Don’t have full ownership for 25 years *Those who take land get citizenship *Send kids to school

  42. Carlisle Indian Industrial School

  43. Class of 09

  44. Richard Henry Pratt Kill the Indian, save the man

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