LACK OF INTEREST IN MATERIAL THINGS AND EMPHASIS ON THE SPIRITUAL

2. LACK OF INTEREST IN MATERIAL THINGS AND EMPHASIS ON THE SPIRITUAL PURITY, TRUE PATH THE WHEEL OF LAW OF DHARMA FAITH, CONNECTION TO THE EARTH ANDFERTILITY

6. INDIAN FACTS • FORM OF GOV’T – Federal Republic (gained independence from the UK in 1947) • CAPITAL – New Delhi • POPULATION – 2nd most populated in the world • LAND SIZE –slightly more than 1/3 the size of the U.S. • CLIMATE – Varies from Tropical Monsoon in the south to Temperate in the north • CURRENCY – Rupee • MILITARY – Voluntary • RELIGION – Hindu (80%)

7. EARLY SOUTH ASIA • Modern India traces its roots back to the Indus River Valley located in South Asia • Harappans– earliest civilization found in this area, dates back to about 2,500 b.c., disappeared around 1,500 b.c. • Ruins demonstrate: 1. urban planning (organized cities) 2. grid pattern streets 3. multi-storied homes 4. bathrooms and sewage systems

9. ARYANS • Aryans – conquered the Indus River Valley around 1500 b.c. and then moved southeast into the Ganges Plain • Organized into tribes, each was led by a rajah • Cattle– basis of their diet and economy, wealth was measured in cattle and they were used as money • Men dominated society, which was largely agricultural

10. SOCIAL STRUCTURE

11. Social Structure • 1. Brahmans – Priests • 2. Kshatriyas – Warriors/princes • 3. Vaisyas – merchants/farmers • 4. Sudras – peasants/servants • 5. Pariahs – so “unclean” not even part of the system, do the toughest and dirtiest jobs

12. HINDUISM • Aryans believed in a religion that has evolved into what we know as Hinduism

13. BELIEFS • Evolved over hundreds of years, (no one person began it) • Brahman – universal spirit, god (other gods are manifestations of Brahma) • Trinity – 3 most important manifestations are:

14. BRAHMA • The Creator

15. VISHNU • The Preserver

16. SIVA • The Destroyer

17. KEY CONCEPTS REINCARNATION - The rebirth of the soul

18. KEY CONCEPTS cont. KARMA - Idea that how a person lives their life will determine what form that person takes in the next life (what comes around goes around)

19. KEY CONCEPTS cont. DHARMA • Duties of a particular varna (class) • If you fulfill your dharma you get have good karma

20. KEY CONCEPTS cont. MOKSHA - State in which a person’s soul is freed from the cycle of reincarnation (heaven)

21. KEY CONCEPTS cont. AHIMSA - Belief that all life is sacred and needs to be protected

22. SACRED HINDU WRITINGS: THE VEDAS • Ancient poems, legends, hymn, rituals… that formed the basis of Aryan religious life • There are 4, the oldest dating back to about 1000 B.C.

23. Draw a picture representing the main ideas of Hinduism (Dharma, Karma, Reincarnation, Moksha). • Relate it to something YOU want to achieve…a goal you have. • Also in include a written explanation of the process that explains the relationship of dharma, karma, reincarnation, and moksha.

25. BUDDHISM

26. THE BUDDHA • Siddhartha Gautama– the founder of Buddhism, born in India in 566 B.C. • born into the Kshatriya class, lived a wealthy but sheltered life • wanted to understand why people suffer andhowto minimize it

27. THE BUDDHA cont. • believed he found the answers while meditating, believed he received “enlightenment” • he preached his message and became known as “The Buddha” (enlightened one) • he rejected the caste system, a person’s position in life should depend on the person, not their birth

28. 4 NOBLE TRUTHS

29. 1. ALL PEOPLE SUFFER

30. 2. PEOPLE SUFFER BECAUSE THEIR DESIRES BIND THEM TO THE CYCLE OF REBIRTH

31. 3. WE CAN END SUFFERING BY ELIMINATING DESIRES

32. 4. ELIMINATE DESIRE BY FOLLOWING THE 8-FOLD PATH

33. 8-FOLD PATH

34. THE 8-FOLD PATH LEADS TO NIRVANA • Nirvana – state of enlightenment that frees the soul from the cycle of rebirth

35. DALAI LAMA

36. TIBET

38. POTALA PALACE

41. INDIAN EMPIRES http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit1/chapter3/interactive_maps.html#

42. MAURYAN EMPIRE • Founded by Chandragupta Maurya– he ruled from 324 B.C. – 301 B.C. • Capital was in northeastern India (modern-day Patna) • Highly centralized gov’t

43. MAURYAN cont. • Asoka – greatest ruler of the empire, maybe all of India???? • Adopted Buddhist ideas to improve the empire (hospitals, trees and shelters along roads…)

44. MAURYANS cont. • Under Asoka India also became a regional economic/trading power • Empire ended in 183 B.C.

45. GUPTA EMPIRE • Founded by Candra Gupta in 320 • same capital as the Mauryans • Became the dominant power in northern India, loose control of central India

46. GUPTA cont. • Golden age of Indian culture • Hindu and Buddhist arts flourished

47. GUPTAS cont. • Traded with China, SE Asia and the Mediterranean • Many pilgrims came to India to see Hindu and Buddhist temples and shrines • Empire ended in the mid 600s

48. Imperialism and Colonial India

49. IMPERIALISM • The extension of a nation’s power over other lands. (One country’s domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country)

50. Why be an Imperialist? 1. Political rivalries/Prestige • European countries needed colonies to compete with other Europeans. 2. Desire for New Markets/Economics • New territory to get raw materials and sell finished goods. 3. Seeking New Opportunities • Native Europeans could advance socially by taking an assignment in a colony 4. “Civilizing Mission”/Racism • Some Europeans thought it was their duty to impose their culture on other, less “civilized” peoples.