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Factors That Impact Population Growth

Factors That Impact Population Growth. Culture/Religion Gender Equality for Education and Employment Education Availability Pension Systems Marriage Age and Fertility Family Planning Service Abortion Acceptance Infant Mortality Rate. Calculating a Population.

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Factors That Impact Population Growth

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  1. Factors That Impact Population Growth • Culture/Religion • Gender Equality for Education and Employment • Education Availability • Pension Systems • Marriage Age and Fertility • Family Planning Service • Abortion Acceptance • Infant Mortality Rate

  2. Calculating a Population (Births- Deaths) + (Immigration – Emigration) = Population Change Birth rate - Death rate x 100 = Rate of Pop. Change 70/Growth Rate (as a percentage) = The time it takes a pop. to double (Rule of 70) Current Population e^ (rate * time) = Estimated Population

  3. A closer look at Equation #2 (Birth rate - Death rate) + (Immigration rate- Emmigration rate ) x 100 = Rate (%) of Pop. Change Birth rate = Births for every 1000 people Death rate = Deaths for every 1000 people Immigration Rate = Enter country for every 1000 people Emmigration Rate = Exit country for every 1000 people

  4. Example of a Population Problem Shermana has a population of 10,000 people 70 Births 10 Deaths 10/1000 people immigrate in 5/1000 people leave the country What is the Shermana’s growth rate? (1.1%)

  5. Another Example… In 1950, a scientist was studying Beluga whales. At this time, there were 5,000 whales. With a growth rate of 2.5%, what will the estimated population be in 50 years? When will the population double? Pe= Piert • Pe is the estimated population • Pi is the initial population • e is a constant • r is the growth rate (as a decimal) • t is time

  6. Factors That Affect Death Rates • Food supplies and distribution • Nutrition • Medical care and Public health technology • Sanitation and personal hygiene • Safe water availability

  7. United States • Low infant mortality 165 to 6.5, but not the lowest • Why? • Inadequate healthcare for poor • Drug addictions • Teenage pregnancy

  8. United States Immigration • Accounts for 45% of annual growth • First Europeans, but now Latinos and Asians • Many want to limit new citizens from 45% to 20% • Immigration Reform and Control Act • Those with family members can fill vacant jobs, or refugees seeking asylum

  9. Why some citizens welcome new immigrants? • History of the U.S. • Increase tax payers • Fill unwanted jobs • Workforce will be needed to fill the shoes of retired baby boomers

  10. What’s a “brain drain?” • Many educated people leave their own country if they can obtain: A) Higher income B) Better job

  11. Understanding Age Structure • What to look for in Population Pyramids: • Fast growth: wide base in a pyramid • Slow growth: base is not as wide in a pyramid • No growth (ZPG): pencil shape • Negative growth: a diamond

  12. Social Impact with slow growth Who pays for Social Security? Missing workforce

  13. Demographic Transition Stages • Social changes/stages a country would go through: • Preindustrial • Transitional • Industrialization • Post Industrial

  14. Preindustrial Stage • Harsh conditions: • Famine, plagues, wars, etc. • Poor healthcare High Birth rate and High Death rate = Low population growth

  15. Transitional Stage • Improved healthcare • More reliable food production and distribution • Water supplies Birth rate is still high, low death rate = High Population growth

  16. Industrial Stage • Economic Growth • More jobs • Education availability Birth rate declines and gets closer to death rate = Slow Population growth, but still increasing

  17. Post Industrial • Better educated, more affluent • Smaller families Low birth rate = death rate Zero Population Growth

  18. Indicators for Overall Health of a Country • Life expectancy • Infant Mortality • Reflects nutrition and health care availablity

  19. UN Conference on Population and Development • Cairo, Egypt • Goals by 2015: • Provide access to Family Planning Services • Improve pediatrics and prenatal care • Encourage implemenation on population policies • Gender equality (education, jobs, and family responsibilities) • Improve poverty • Decrease unsustainable patterns of consumption • Japan, Thailand, S. Korea, Taiwan, Iran, and China all decreased their TFR within 15 years!

  20. Benefits of a City • Trade • Politics and organized government • Organized religion • Technology, healthcare • Education • Culture/Art

  21. Negative effects: • Urban sprawl • Poverty • Pollution (Air, Water, Soil degradation) • Mexico City – Fecal Snow • Urban heat absorption • Runoff and flooding • Noise Pollution • Spread of disease

  22. Possible Solutions: • Move up and not out (skyscrapers) • Conserve natural habitats • Energy and resource conservation (recycling) • Mass transportation • Detroit Mass Transit • More plants (ex. Greenbelts)

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