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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: America and the World Section 2: World War II Begins Section 3: The Holocaust Section 4: America Enters the War Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. Could World War II Have Been Prevented?

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:America and the World Section 2:World War II Begins Section 3:The Holocaust Section 4:America Enters the War Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. Could World War II Have Been Prevented? In the 1930s, global economic problems brought dictators to power in Europe and Japan, and another world war erupted. Many Americans, disillusioned by World War I, wanted to remain neutral, but when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the United States was forced to join the war. • What problems do you think World War I created that contributed to the outbreak of World War II? • Do you think different American policies in the 1920s and 1930s could have prevented World War II? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Timeline

  5. Chapter Timeline

  6. America and the World How did events after WWI lead to dictatorships and American neutrality? Chapter Intro 1

  7. World War II Begins What steps led to war in Europe in the late 1930s? Chapter Intro 2

  8. The Holocaust How did the Nazis persecute the Jewish people? Chapter Intro 3

  9. America Enters the War How did the United States become involved in World War II? Chapter Intro 4

  10. Chapter Preview-End

  11. Big Ideas Government and SocietyIn the years following World War I, aggressive and expansionistic governments took power in both Europe and Asia. Section 1-Main Idea

  12. Content Vocabulary • fascism • collective • internationalism Academic Vocabulary • exploit • dominate Section 1-Key Terms

  13. People and Events to Identify • Benito Mussolini • Vladimir Lenin • Joseph Stalin • Adolph Hitler • Manchuria • Neutrality Act of 1935 • Axis Powers Section 1-Key Terms

  14. A B Should the United States take measures to stop dictators from ruling other countries? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  15. The Rise of Dictators Dictators took control of the governments of Italy, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Japan. The Rise of Dictators, 1922–1933 Section 1

  16. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • In 1919, Benito Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party. • Fascism was an aggressive nationalistic movement that considered the nation more important than the individual. • Once in office, Mussolini worked quickly to set up a dictatorship. Italy Invades Ethiopia, 1935 Section 1

  17. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • After the Russian Revolution, the Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, established communist governments throughout the Russian Empire. • In 1922 they renamed these territories the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Section 1

  18. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • By 1926, Joseph Stalin had become the new Soviet dictator. • Family farms were combined and turned into collectives. • Between 8 and 10 million people died during Stalin’s rule, which lasted until his death in 1953. Section 1

  19. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • One of the new political parties in Germany was called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or the Nazi Party. • The party was nationalistic and anticommunist, calling for Germany to expand its territory and not abide by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. • They were also anti-Semitic. Section 1

  20. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • After Adolf Hitler’s first plan to seize power in Germany failed, he focused on getting Nazis elected to the Reichstag. • By 1932, the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag. • The following year, the German president appointed Hitler as chancellor. • In 1934, Hitler became president, giving himself the title of Der Führer. Section 1

  21. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • In Japan, difficult economic times helped undermine the political system. • Japanese military leaders and their civilian supporters argued that seizing Manchuria was the only way Japan could get the resources it needed. • The Japanese prime minister was assassinated when he tried to stop the war by negotiating with China. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931 Section 1

  22. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • Japan’s civilian government supported the nationalist policy of expanding the empire and appointed a military officer to serve as prime minister. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931 Section 1

  23. A B C D Which of the following dictators wrote Mein Kampf? A.Benito Mussolini B.Vladimir Lenin C.Joseph Stalin D.Adolph Hitler Section 1

  24. American Neutrality Most Americans did not want to get involved in another European war, despite Roosevelt’s emphasis on internationalism. Section 1

  25. American Neutrality (cont.) • Isolationist ideas became stronger in the early 1930s for two reasons: • In 1934, all of the debtor nations except Finland announced they would no longer repay their war debts. • The Nye Committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war, creating the impression that these businesses influenced the decision to go to war. Section 1

  26. American Neutrality (cont.) • Worried that the actions of Italy and Germany might lead to war, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935. • Later, they passed the Neutrality Act of 1937, which required the countries at war to pay cash and to send their own ships to pick up any nonmilitary supplies. The Neutrality Acts, 1935–1937 Section 1

  27. American Neutrality (cont.) • Germany, Italy, and Japan became known as the Axis Powers, although they did not formally become military allies until September 1940. • FDR supported internationalism and authorized the sale of weapons to China after Japanese forces launched a full-scale attack. Section 1

  28. A B C D The Neutrality Acts prohibited which of the following? A.Engaging in war with any nation B.Speaking to any dictators C.Selling arms to any country at war D.Importing goods from warring nations Section 1

  29. Section 1-End

  30. Big Ideas Trade, War, and MigrationWorld War II officially began with the Nazi invasion of Poland and the French and British declarations of war on Germany in September 1939. Section 2-Main Idea

  31. Content Vocabulary • appeasement • blitzkrieg Academic Vocabulary • violation • regime • concentrate • transport Section 2-Key Terms

  32. People and Events to Identify • Anschluss • Munich Conference • Maginot Line • Winston Churchill • Battle of Britain Section 2-Key Terms

  33. A B Do you think that war could have been avoided if Europe’s leaders had not tried to appease Hitler? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

  34. Path to War European nations tried to prevent war by giving in to Adolf Hitler’s demands. Section 2

  35. Path to War (cont.) • Europe’s leaders believed that a deal could be reached with Hitler and war could be avoided for three reasons: • They wanted to avoid a repeat of the bloodshed of World War I. • Some thought most of Hitler’s demand were reasonable. • Many people assumed that the Nazis would be more interested in peace once they gained more territory. Section 2

  36. Path to War (cont.) • In late 1937 Hitler called for the unification of all German-speaking people, including those in Austria and Czechoslovakia. • Hitler sent troops into Austria in March 1938 and announced the Anschluss of Austria and Germany. The Causes of World War II in Europe, 1935–1939 Section 2

  37. Path to War (cont.) • Hitler next announced German claims to the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population. • At the Munich Conference, on September 29, 1938, Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demands, a policy that came to be known as appeasement. The Causes of World War II in Europe, 1935–1939 Section 2

  38. Path to War (cont.) • However, in March 1939 Germany sent troops into Czechoslovakia and divided the country. • The Czech lands became a German protectorate. • A month after the Munich Conference, Hitler demanded control of Danzig, a part of Poland. • He also requested a highway and railroads across the Polish Corridor. The Causes of World War II in Europe, 1935–1939 Section 2

  39. Path to War (cont.) • On March 31, 1939, Britain announced that if Poland went to war to defend its territory, Britain and France would come to its aid. • Poland refused to give in to Germany’s demands. • Germany and the USSR signed a nonaggression pact on August 23, 1939. Section 2

  40. A B C D What was Hitler’s initial act that eventually led to war? A.Declaring war on Poland B.Defying the Treaty of Versailles C.Dividing Czechoslovakia D.Aligning with Russia Section 2

  41. The War Begins After Poland and France fell to the Nazis, the British evacuated thousands of trapped troops from Dunkirk. Section 2

  42. The War Begins (cont.) • By October 5, 1939, the Germans had defeated the Polish military. • The Polish army was outdated; plus, the Germans used a new type of warfare called blitzkrieg. • Rather than risk their troops by attacking, the French preferred to wait behind the Maginot Linefor the Germans to approach. Section 2

  43. The War Begins (cont.) • This decision proved to be disastrous for two reasons: • It allowed Germany to concentrate on Poland first before turning west to face the British and French. • Hitler decided to go around the Maginot Line, which protected France’s border with Germany, but not France’s border with Belgium. Section 2

  44. The War Begins (cont.) • As soon as the attack began, British and French forces raced north into Belgium. • When the Germans reached France, the British and French were still in Belgium and could not move back quickly enough. • The Germans began to drive them toward the English Channel. Section 2

  45. A B C D What was the downside to the evacuation at Dunkirk? A.Almost all of the British army’s equipment remained there. B.The boats used to transport the troops were ruined in the process. C.Hitler had time to plan another attack during these three days. D.The French refused to take part in the evacuation. Section 2

  46. Britain Remains Defiant Despite the bombing of London and other major cities, Britain’s Winston Churchill stood firm against the threat of Nazi invasion. Section 2

  47. Britain Remains Defiant (cont.) • On June 4, 1940, Winston Churchill delivered a defiant speech in Parliament, vowing that Britain would never surrender. • The Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force battled from June 1940 into the fall of 1940, an air battle that became known as the Battle of Britain. • On August 23, German bombers accidentally bombed London. • In return, the British bombed Berlin. Section 2

  48. Britain Remains Defiant (cont.) • Although the Royal Air Force was outnumbered, the British used a new technology called radar to detect the arrival of German planes. • The British fighters inflicted more losses on the Germans than they suffered themselves, and on October 12, 1940, Hitler canceled the invasion of Britain. Section 2

  49. A B C D How many more planes did the Germans lose than the British? A.212 B.415 C.650 D.818 Section 2

  50. Section 2-End

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