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NATIONAL WATER PLANNING IN MEXICO

NATIONAL WATER PLANNING IN MEXICO. Ricardo Sandoval minero . synthesis. Water planning has evolved along with the demographic, economic and social transformations throughout the recent history of the country

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NATIONAL WATER PLANNING IN MEXICO

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  1. NATIONAL WATER PLANNING IN MEXICO Ricardo Sandoval minero

  2. synthesis • Water planning has evolved along with the demographic, economic and social transformations throughout the recent history of the country • Growing demands have brought up the need to transcend sectoral and political-territorial boundaries • Nevertheless, the implementation of integrated resource management practices is still under way • A need to balance the positive aspects of rational and transactive planning approaches appears instrumental for dealing with growing challenges

  3. GENERAL CONTEXT • 112 336 538 inhabitants (2010) • (11° biggest country pop.) • 192 247 “localities” • 2 456 municipalities • 31 states • 1 federal district • 78% urbanpopulation (loc. > 2 500 hab) Experiencia y perspectivas de México en políticas tarifarias y regulación en el marco del derecho humano al agua

  4. Legal framework

  5. Waterresourcescontext

  6. Regional inequalities

  7. Institutionalmapping Waterresourcesmanagement in Mexico OECD, 2013

  8. Institutionalmapping Watersupply and sanitationdevelopment and management OECD, 2013

  9. Structure and constituencies of Mexico’sriverbasincouncils OECD, 2013

  10. Demographics and planningmilestones 1857 Constitución Política 1910 Ley de Aprovechamiento de Aguas de Jurisdicción Federal 1917 Constitución - Artículo 27 1917 Ley Federal sobre Uso y Aprovechamiento de las Aguas Públicas sujetas al Dominio de la Federación 1926 Ley sobre Irrigación con Aguas Federales 1929 Ley de Aguas de Propiedad Nacional 1934 Ley de Aguas de Propiedad Nacional 1938 Ley Sobre el Servicio Público de Aguas Potables en el Distrito Federal 1946 Ley de Conservación de Suelo y Agua 1946 Ley de Aguas de Propiedad Nacional 1948 Ley Reglamentaria del Párrafo Quinto del Art. 27 Constitucional en Materia de Aguas del Subsuelo 1948 Ley Federal de Ingeniería Sanitaria 1956 Ley Reglamentaria del Párrafo Quinto del Art. 27 Constitucional en Materia de Aguas del Subsuelo 1956 Ley de Cooperación para Dotación de Agua Potable a los Municipios 1972 Ley de Aguas de Propiedad Nacional (Ley Federal de Aguas) 1986 Reforma de la Ley Federal de Aguas 1992 Ley de Aguas Nacionales 2004 Reforma de la Ley de Aguas Nacionales Law for Waters of National Property End of Mexican Revolution “Developmental”: irrigation, energy “Developmental”: housing, pollution control “Managerial”: water rights, participation, finance

  11. History of waterpolicy in Mexico (Adapted from González Villarreal, 2012)

  12. Phases in waterresourcesplanning in Mexico Rural to urban Centralized Publicfunded Supply-driven Basin-oriented Sectorized Demanddriven Decentralized & participatory Integrated

  13. Nationalwaterplans (2006-2012)

  14. Nationalwaterplans: THE 2030 CHARTERS

  15. National and specialwaterplans (2012-2018)

  16. National, regional and stateplanningalignment

  17. Short, medium and longtermalignment

  18. PLANNING AND REALLOCATION ISSUES • Planning as an exercise of ideas / proposals / projects / actions collection and prioritization (investment portfolio) • Hydrological & technical criteria still important in drought planning and special projects (aqueducts, flood control, Cutzamala, aquifer restoration plans) • Water imbalance and reallocation, policies to restore water balance • Short-term restrictions: Lerma-Chapala basin according to negotiated nomograms; PRONACOSE (drought programs) following a similar approach • Long-term reallocation: water markets (“bancos de agua”) • Management plans for aquifeers: administrative measures, negotiated reductions with budgetary support for efficient water use, water rights “rescue” • “programs for the integrated management of national waters” as a requisite to obtain water reserves for bigger cities • Environmental flows: water reserves, water funds

  19. A reflectiononplanningmodels: ARE WE / SHOULD WE BE / moving forward OR stepping back? Shoudwestep back? Are wethere? …orwherewe are? http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/watershed_management/introduction_wm/natural_resource_management_planning/how_to_plan/planning_models/index.html

  20. FUTURE trends • 1992 National Water Law introduced modern water management concepts • Water rights, drilling bans, water markets • Basin councils, preference order, negotiation instances • Coordination, “concertation”, induction mechanisms • 2004 tried to go farther • Watershed-led planning and management • Decentralization and participation • But two failures remained: • Lack of effective ways to induce desired conducts in other governmental spheres and private users • Finance disrupted from planning • Present questions • Should the new “General Water Law” strengthen central technical and administrative capacities? • Should users participation be enhanced (actually implemented)? • Should the federal and state government re-centralize water supply and sanitation?

  21. Whichplanningcapacitiesshouldwedeveloporrestore? Integrated? Example: boundary organizations, decision theaters

  22. A proposal: boundaryorganizationsfortechnicallysoundmodel-basedcollaborativeplanning Bestpracticesnetworking in LAC

  23. Conclusions • Planning of public works and development in Mexico has its modern roots in the social nature of Mexican revolution • Rational planning begun with a focus on coordination for the prioritized expenditure of public funds (1930-1970) • When an urbanized country made it necessary to decentralize, fiscal coordination mechanisms were put in place to allow decentralized operation under central supervision leveraged with budgetary rules (70’s on) • The rise of rational planning occurred during the 70’s: a national effort for surveying and studying natural resources and socioeconomic trends • Water management knew at least three phases which are also reflected in its legal and planning scopes: • A “developmental” supply driven centralized administration to improve socioeconomic conditions after the revolution • A “developmental” supply driven centralized and sectorized administration fragmented between agriculture and urban issues • A “managerial” demand driven decentralized and participatory (integrated) model which hasn’t fully being achieved • Immediate challenges are demanding new innovation capacities, not only technological but mostly institutional

  24. Thankyou- obrigado r.sandoval@itesm.mx

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