Norway Massacre

1. Norway Massacre • Available online at: http://msbeenen.wikispaces.com

2. W.W.W.W • Who? Anders Breivik • Where? Oslo and Utoya Norway • When: 2011 • What? Lone-wolf terrorism

3. The Planning • Breivik began planning the attacks in 2003 when he was 23. He was an avid participant in online debates on Internet forums against Islam immigration. In 2010 he spent 6 days in Prague because of their relaxed gun laws, he was hoping to buy the weapons for the attack whilst there, the guns he was hoping to buy were an AK47, a Glock pistol and a rocket propelled grenade. • He had several fake police badges printed and a police uniform that he bought illegally on the Internet. In the end he was unable to buy the weapons he needed from Prague but that did not deter him from his plans of destruction. • When his attempts to buy weapons in multiple countries failed he had to buy the legally in Norway which meant he could not get the exact weapons he wanted. He could not get the rocket grenade launcher but was sure he’d be able to get the semi-automatic rifle and a glock pistol because he was considered a “good citizen”. • When Breivik returned to Norway he received a legal permit for his .223-caliber Ruger Mini 14 SAR which he said would be used for hunting deer. He had a harder time getting the permit for the pistol, as he didn’t have any legitimate reason to have it so in order to obtain it he had to attend a sport-shooting club. Once he had attended the Oslo Pistol Club 15 times his application was approved. • Breivik stated in his manifesto that he bought sodium nitrate and 100kgs of chemicals to create the bomb he was going to use in Oslo. These purchases looked a bit sketchy and he was put on a watch list by the Norwegian intelligence but it was never acted upon.

4. Geofarm • Breivik created a fictional company called Breivik Geofarm to gain access to chemicals and fertilizer he would need to create explosives. This company allowed him to purchase six tons of fertilizer, as well as ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate without suspicion. Once the bomb was created it was extremely similar in size to the one used in the Bali bombings. • When the Norwegian police were later criticized for the allowing Breivik to purchase so many chemicals and fertilizer without drawing suspicion they stated that they there are no laws on how much fertilizer you can purchase and not even the “stasi could have prevented this attack”

5. The Bombing • July 22 2011 at 3:25pm Breivik placed a bomb in the pack of a Volkswagen van and parked it outside of H Block in Oslo • This block housed the PM and other government offices. • Breivik lit the fuse and then abandoned the van for a car a little ways away.

7. The bomb exploded and killed 8 people. • One of the victims was a secretary who attempted to call security about the van. • The blast was heard 7km away. • The bomb had the same weight as the Bali Bombing bomb but had the same make-up as the Oklahoma City Bombing.

8. Utoya Massacre • After the bombing Breivik made his way to the island of Utoya, he was dressed as a police man and told ferry operators his name was Martin Nilsen. • When he got to the island he told the camp leader Monica Bosei that he was a police officer who was making a routine checkup after the bombings. Monica was suspicious and contacted a security officer, Breivik immediately shot both of them.

10. Utoya attack continued • He entered the camp and asked campers to gather round him to hear about their families back in Oslo, as people started to gather he pulled out guns and started shooting. • He then walked around the island for an hour and a half shooting at anyone he saw. He also retraced his step to make sure even the wounded were killed.

11. “He looked like a policeman and tried to show that he was going to help us and he tried to lure us over. Then he had a gun and started shooting at us.”

12. “He was shooting people at close range and starting to shoot at us. He stood first 10 metres from me and shooting at people in the water. He had an M16; it did look like a machine gun. When I first saw him from the side yelling that he was about to kill us, he looked like he was taken from a Nazi movie or something. He started shooting at these people so i laid down and acted as if i was dead. He stood maybe 2m away from me. I could hear him breathing, I could feel the heat of the machine gun. He tried everyone, he kicked them tosee if they were alive, or he just shot them.”

13. The campers hid and communicated through text messages to not give away their positions. Many of them attempted to swim across the lake or hide in the water. • When the police finally arrived the campers begged them to throw down their weapons as they were worried they would shoot them too. • Breivik surrendered.

14. Heroism and Rescue • During the shooting local residents came on boats to help rescue campers in the water and on the shores of the island. • Marcel Gleffe threw life jackets to people in the water and made multiple trips to rescue campers, he was credited with saving 30 lives • Hege Dalen and Toril Hansen made several trips to rescue people in the water, they were credited with saving 40 lives.

15. Police Response and Surrender • Police knew about the attack a minute after the first shot was fired, unfortunately due to lack of transportation they couldn’t get to the island for another hour. • When they reached the island they told Breivik to surrender or they would shoot, he surrendered.

16. Victims • Eight people were killed in the Oslo bombing, six died immediately and 2 died shortly after from their injuries. • 209 people were injured from the explosion. The youngest victim was 26 and the oldest 61. • 69 people died in Utoya and 110 were injured, most died from bullet wounds to the head. Hollow point bullets were used to cause greater tissue damage. • The youngest victim was 14, the oldest was 51.

17. Aftermath and response • King Harald V sent his condolences to the victims and their families. • UN, EU and NATO as well as other countries all sent their condolences while other countries blamed the attacks on multi-culturalism. • The Prime Minister declared the attacks a national tragedy and the worst attack on Norway since WWII

18. The leader of the WYL said they would not let Breivik take the joy away from Utoya and they would return to the island. • A flower march was held in Oslo and a minute of silence was recognized by all Nordic countries.

20. Trials • Geir Lippstadt acted on behalf of Breiviks defense. Breivik was arraigned in Oslo District Court. The arraignment was closed to the media and all other public members, this was extremely rare in Norway but they feared that Breivik might use the courtroom as a way to communicate with possible accomplices. • Breivik was charged with terrorism and pleaded not guilty stating that he didn’t recognize the Norwegian justice system. He was detained and confined as he was seen as dangerous to the public and transferred to Ila Landsfengsel, which is a maximum-security prison. • On August 13 2011 Breivik returned to Utoya with police to recreate his actions of the massacre. He wore a bulletproof vest and leash and mimicked shooting actions. This was necessary as Breivik was charged with all 77 murders. • The trial began on April 16 2012, he was not deemed insane because Breivik felt this would take away the meaning of his messaged. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, which could be repeatedly extended by 5 years as long as he was considered a threat. • Many brands of games were removed from shelves in Norway because of the attack; many people became more involved in politics after the attack as well.

21. Memorials