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Thursday, Feb. 21 st

Thursday, Feb. 21 st. Today’s Schedule: Turn in Bellringer Questions for Bellringer Check 5 and any late work Turn in Unit 7 Study Guide (all stapled together) due today, will not be accepted late (homework grade) Turn in Extra Credit (all stapled together) Take Unit 7: Water Exam

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Thursday, Feb. 21 st

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  1. Thursday, Feb. 21st • Today’s Schedule: • Turn in Bellringer Questions for Bellringer Check 5 and any late work • Turn in Unit 7 Study Guide (all stapled together) • due today, will not be accepted late (homework grade) • Turn in Extra Credit (all stapled together) • Take Unit 7: Water Exam • Start working on Unit 8: Land Vocab & menu option

  2. Friday, Feb. 22nd • No Bellringer Question • Today’s Schedule: • Video clip for Midway Journey documentary • Continue working on Unit 8: Land Vocab & menu option – DUE Tuesday, Feb. 26th • As you work, I will let you know your exam grade

  3. Unit 8: Land Vocab • Don’t forget to do a NEW Vocab Menu Option! • Once you’re done with the definition & menu option bring up (1) work to be graded, and (2) menu option to be star-punched • Biological control • Desertification • Lithosphere • Malnutrition • Organic farming • Pesticide • Soil • Soil conservation • Soil erosion • Soil profile • Sustainable agriculture • Terracing • Windbreak

  4. Monday, Feb. 25th • Bellringer: The ground & rock portion of our biosphere is called the ___________. • Today’s Schedule: • Soil article & questions

  5. Land: Use & Development Essential Question: How do we use, affect, & protect our land?

  6. Land: Use & Development • Topics in this Unit: • Crops & Soil • Feeding the World • Animals & Agriculture • Land Use & Urbanization • Land Management & Conservation

  7. Crops & Soil • Arable land: land that can be used to grow crops • Only ~10% of Earth’s surface is arable land

  8. Crops & Soil • Soil: a mixture of weathered rock & organic matter • Soil forms when: • Rock is broken down into smaller & smaller pieces by wind, water, & chemical weathering • Burrowing animals circulate air & water through soil & mix the minerals

  9. Crops & Soil • Soil has layers aka horizons: • Organic layer: known as O horizon • Topsoil: surface layer that is composed of living organisms, rock particles, water, air, & lots of organic matter; known as A horizon • Subsoil: layer under topsoil that has larger rock particles with organic matter & inorganic compounds; known as B horizon • Parentmaterial: material from which soil forms; made of broken up bedrock; known as C horizon

  10. Crops & Soil • Soil is classified into 3 main categories based on structure, permeability, & resistance to pressure: • Clay: thick; not permeable; small grain size (0.002mm) • Sand: large to small grains (2.0-0.05mm); permeable • Silt: small grain size (0.002mm) • Soil is described by which category it’s made of: • Loam: soil made of near equal mix of clay, silt & sand

  11. Textural Triangle ActivityON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER! • Read clay left to right • Read silt top right to bottom left • Read sand bottom right to top left • Look where lines intersect

  12. Thursday, Feb. 28th • Reminders: • Assignments in this unit so far: • Unit 8 Vocab • Soil article questions • Textural Triangle worksheet • Bellringer: ______ is soil with equal amounts of sand, silt, & clay. • Today’s Schedule: • Turn in Textural Triangle worksheet • Soil Problem Notes (7 slides) • Begin watching Food, Inc.

  13. Soil: Problems & Solutions “ A nation that destroys its soil destroys itself.” – F. D. Roosevelt

  14. Soil: Problems • Soil erosion: loss of soil by wind & water • In US, ~50% of original topsoil has been lost to erosion in past 200 years • Crops cannot grow without topsoil • Methods that increase erosion: • Plowing • Continuous monoculture cropping

  15. Soil: Problems • Erosion can lead to Desertification: process by which arid (dry) land becomes more desert-like • Due to poor crop rotation &/or overgrazing

  16. Soil: Problems • Salinization: accumulation of salts in soil • Soil can become too salty for plants to grow • Caused by irrigation from “saltier” water  water evaporates & leaves salts behind • Especially bad in western US where there’s low rainfall

  17. Soil: Solutions • Practices to prevent erosion: • Soil-retaining terraces • Contour plowing –plowing across the slope of a hill instead of up & down • Windbreaks • Drip irrigation • No-till farming - crops are harvested without turning over the soil

  18. Crops: Problems & Solutions

  19. Crops: Problems • Pest: any organism that occurs where not wanted &/or causes economic damage • Includes plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, viruses • In North America, insects eat 13% of crops • Worldwide, pests destroy ~33% of food crops

  20. Crops: Problems • Pesticide: chemicals used to kill insects, weeds, & other pests • Problems with pesticides: • Pesticide resistance: pesticides stop working through natural selection • Pollution: stay in soil & water  harm organisms & ecosystems • Example: DDT & bald eagles

  21. Crops: Problems 3. Human Health concerns: • Poisoning, cancer, birth defects, immune problems • Consumer exposure: 12 most contaminated foods:

  22. Lifts the veil on our nation's food industry, exposing the highly mechanized underbelly that has been hidden from the American consumer with the consent of our government's regulatory agencies, USDA and FDA. Our nation's food supply is now controlled by a handful of corporations that often put profit ahead of consumer health, the livelihood of the American farmer, the safety of workers and our own environment.

  23. Friday, March 1st • Reminders: • Unit 8 Vocab Quiz – Friday, March 8th • Unit 8: Land Exam –Thursday, March 14th • Bellringer: _________ are rows of trees or tall crops used to prevent erosion from wind. • Today’s Schedule: • Crop Solution Notes (3 slides) • Cont. watching Food, Inc.

  24. Crops: Solutions • Biological pest control:use of organisms to control pests; includes use of: • Pathogens (bacteria, viruses) • Predators • Chemicals from plants (toxins, pheromones) • Example: controlling the Cottony Cushion Scale, a pest that was devastating the California citrus industry in the late 19th century. A predatory insect, the VedaliaBeetle, and a parasitoid fly were introduced from Australia .Within a few years the cottony cushion scale was completely controlled by these introduced natural enemies.

  25. Crops : Solutions • Pros of organic farming: • Better for environment! • More $ for farmer • Higher biodiversity of helpful organisms • Less soil erosion • <1% of American farmland is organic • Organic farming: farming with no hormones, antibiotics, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or genetic modifications • “Organic”: at least 95% of ingredients are organic

  26. Crops: Solutions • “Sustainable Agriculture”: • Eating organic food • Eating seasonal crops • Eating local foods: • farmer’s markets & co-ops • Reduces energy/ fuel consumption • Supports local economy

  27. Lifts the veil on our nation's food industry, exposing the highly mechanized underbelly that has been hidden from the American consumer with the consent of our government's regulatory agencies, USDA and FDA. Our nation's food supply is now controlled by a handful of corporations that often put profit ahead of consumer health, the livelihood of the American farmer, the safety of workers and our own environment.

  28. Monday, March 4th • Reminders: • Going to MC Comp Lab  Portfolio Project on Thursday, March 7th – bring project/jmp • NEED SOILS SAMPLES for SOIL LAB, next week • Unit 8 Vocab Quiz – Friday (3/08) • Unit 8: Land Exam – Thursday (3/14) • Bellringer: Using predators to eradicate pests is an example of ______ _______ ______. • Today’s Schedule: • GM Crops (3 slides) • Finish watching Food, Inc.

  29. Genetically-Modified Crops Genetic engineering: when genetic material is modified for medical or industrial use = getting desirable genes from one organism (usually bacteria) & putting them into another organism’s DNA Results in GMO food/ crops (Genetically Modified Organisms) = crops that have been genetically modified/ engineered

  30. Genetically-Modified Crops • GM crops may have: • Pest or Herbicide Resistance • Drought/ freeze tolerance • Greater yield • Increased nutrition • Problems with GM crops: • Unknown side effects • Lowers genetic diversity • Gene transfer to wild plants (super weeds)

  31. Lifts the veil on our nation's food industry, exposing the highly mechanized underbelly that has been hidden from the American consumer with the consent of our government's regulatory agencies, USDA and FDA. Our nation's food supply is now controlled by a handful of corporations that often put profit ahead of consumer health, the livelihood of the American farmer, the safety of workers and our own environment.

  32. Tuesday, March 5th • Reminders: • Going to MC Comp Lab  Portfolio Project on Thursday, March 7th • NEED SOIL SAMPLES! • Unit 8 Vocab Quiz – Friday, March 8th • Unit 8: Land Exam – Thursday, March 14th • Bellringer: • Today’s Schedule: • Feeding the World Notes (6 slides)

  33. Feeding the World • More than 850 million people in world are considered chronically undernourished (diet of < 2200 cal per day) – mainly in Africa & southern Asia

  34. Feeding the World • Poverty is main cause of lack of food • Lack of food can lead to malnutrition: when people do not consume enough calories or eat a sufficient variety of foods • Often lack proper vitamins, minerals or protein • Can lead to: • Blindness • Anemia • Mental retardation • And more…

  35. Feeding the World • World food supplies are increasing & so is obesity • Globally, >1 billion people are overweight • 64% of Americans • Health issues: diabetes, hearth attack, stroke, some cancers, etc.

  36. Feeding the World • Humanity depends on three crops for majority of its nutrients: • Wheat • Rice • Corn • Wheat & rice supply ~60% of calories consumed by humans

  37. Feeding the World • Meat consumption is increasing • Nearly doubled globally over past 40 years • 1 reason is because of “advances” in confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs): • Close quarters • Feed corn, soy, & animal protein to maximize growth rate • Example: A U.S. chicken can turn a baby chick into chicken nuggets after 8 weeks • Use antibiotics & steroids

  38. Feeding the World • Seafood: • 95 million tons of fish & seafood is harvested every year • Only 2/3 of this is directly eaten by humans • 1/3 is fed to captive-raised fish • Most of world’s fisheries are threatened by overharvesting: catching more organisms than the pop can replace • 13 of 17 major marine fisheries have declined or become commercially unsustainable since 1989

  39. Feeding the World • Aquaculture: the raising of aquatic organisms in pens/nets for consumption • Catfish, oysters, salmon, crayfish & rainbow trout are products of aquaculture • Environmental problems of aquaculture: habitat destruction, pollution, introduced species

  40. What you can do: • Eat less/ no meat • Eat organic food • Eat locally grown & in-season food • Make sure seafood is sustainable

  41. Today’s Assignment • By yourself or in partners, create a Public Service Advertisement picture &/or slogan regarding: • Organic & sustainable agriculture • Negatives of Factory farming • How we can help… • You need to brainstorm & sketch idea today • Will create finished product tomorrow

  42. Wednesday, March 6th • Reminders: • Going to MC Comp Lab  Portfolio Project TOMORROW • NEED SOIL SAMPLES! • Unit 8 Vocab Quiz – Friday, March 8th • Unit 8: Land Exam – Thursday, March 14th • Bellringer: • Today’s Schedule: • Land Use Notes (4 slides) • Finish PSA activity

  43. Land Use & Urbanization • Land Use in US: • 28% forest (wood, wildlife, fishing) • 26% rangeland (graze livestock) • 20% cropland (grow plants) • 13% parks & preserves • 6% urban (houses, business, industry) • 7% other (wetlands, deserts, mountains) • Rural land: land with relatively few people • Urban land: area that contains >2,500 people & has a governing body • As a result of Industrial Revolution (better farm equipment & better transportation), more people live in urban areas

  44. Land Use & Urbanization • Urbanization: the movement of people from rural areas to cities • Move for jobs, education, etc. • In 1900, 13 cities had >1 million people • In 2007, 300 cities had >1 million people (most in China)

  45. Land Use & Urbanization • Problems of urbanization: • Air pollution • Water pollution • Crime • Health problems • When urban areas grow too fast, can lead to poor infrastructure • Infrastructure: roads, sewers, buildings, schools, hospitals, power lines, etc. that society builds for public use

  46. Land Use & Urbanization • Urban sprawl: expansion of urban area into countryside • Suburbs! • Example: • From 1990-2000, Atlanta population grew 32% while the land area increased by 300% • Problems with urban sprawl: • Loose farm & forest land • Longer commutes: • Pollution • Need for oil • Health issues

  47. Today’s Assignment • By yourself or in partners, create a Public Service Advertisement picture &/or slogan regarding: • Organic & sustainable agriculture • Negatives of Factory farming • How we can help… • You need to brainstorm & sketch idea today • Will create finished product tomorrow

  48. Friday, March 8th • Reminders: • NEED SOIL SAMPLES! • Unit 8: Land Exam – Thursday, March 14th • Bellringer: • Today’s Schedule: • Take Unit 8: Land Vocab Quiz • Land Management notes (4 slides) • Amazon Protection Force Video

  49. Land Management, Conservation, & Sustainability Farms, Rangeland, Forests, & Cities

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