Progressive Rock to Reggae and Hard and Soft Rock in the 1970s

1. Progressive Rock to ReggaeandHard and Soft Rockin the 1970s Chapter 20-21

2. Progressive Rock • Fascination with the possibility of fusing rock stylings with broader instrumentation of European art (classical) music. • Songwriters and producers from early 60s, like Phil Spector and Brian Wilson brought rock out of the garage and into the studio. • Music still had a light, trivial nature.

3. Progressive Rock The new serious tendency in rock has historically been labeled “progressive rock.” Movement is primarily British British rockers “seem far too eager to ‘dignify’ their work, to make it acceptable for upper-class approbation, by freighting it with the trappings of classical music.” – Historian John Rockwell.

4. These efforts were not widely applauded. Critics from classical side and rock side find progressive rock to be pretentious and affected. Progressive rockers were not trying to say their music was better than existing classical or rock music. They just wanted a fresh sound.

5. Progressive Rock Emerges ProcolHarum – created one of the first and most successful progressive rock recordings with the 1967 hit “A Whiter Shade of Pale.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8jJ1ORIOes Based on Bach’s “Air On A G String.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2j-frfK-yg

6. ProcolHarum Their third album, A Salty Dog, was released on A&M Records in 1969 and is considered their finest. Combined energetic rhythm and blues with a large-scale classical music influence. Matthew Fisher played organ, Robin Trower played R&B guitar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6BzNEZxbiw “A Salty Dog”

7. Moody Blues Similar to ProcolHarum Started out as an R&B group but then combined with the London Festival Orchestra in 1968 and produced the concept album Days of Failure Passed. “Nights in White Satin” released in 1972. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdykXAT19Go

8. Deep Purple Harder sound than the Moody Blues. 1973 hit “Smoke on the Water” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arpZ3fCwDEw In 1969 Deep Purple combined with the Royal Philharmonic to record “”Concerto for Group and Orchestra” composed by keyboardist Jon Lord.

9. King Crimson In 1969 they appeared before 650.000 people in London’s Hyde Park, along with the Rolling Stones. Album In the Court of the Crimson King featured challenging instrumentals, powerful rock guitar, and doom-laden lyrics. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_MSK_zt-nM

10. Pink Floyd Begin in mid-1960s as a psychadelic blues band named after bluesmen Pink Anderson and Floyd Council. Guitarist Syd Barrett, bassist Roger Waters, Keyboardist Rick Wright, drummer Nick Mason. Began experimenting with long improvisation, electronic effects, and light shows.

11. The Piper at the Gates of Dawn Joined with EMI in 1967, this was first album http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h99WP2KUvLA Contained images of childhood, strange characters, and space travel Featured long instrumental stretches. Syd Barrett had mental problems and was replaced by guitarist Dave Gilmour. Roger Waters took over as primary composer.

12. Abandoned singles in favor of concept albums Reached peak in 1973 - Dark Side of the Moon, featuring sound effects, female backup singers, and long instrumental stretches http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezGCNGtxuQc 1979 The Wall - double concept album dealing with the walls that humans put up around themselves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpxd3pZAVHI

13. From the 1980s on, Pink Floyd broke up, but got together for tours of Dark Side of the Moon or The Wall.

14. YES The previous bands took a rock band and plugged it into a classical music setting, resulting in two completely different styles of music occurring simultaneously. They did not mix. The group Yes utilized classically trained musicians as the rock band.

15. Yes balanced vocals with LONG instrumentals. Close to the Edge (1973) had only 3 cuts on one side of the album. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSDuSdq072M

16. Rick Wakeman Born in 1949, joined the group in 1971 Went to the Royal Academy of Music and studied piano and clarinet. Used electric and acoustic pianos, synthesizers, electric organ and the Mellotron- an electro-mechanical, polyphonic tape replay keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England, in the early 1960s.

17. Wakeman left Yes in 1974 and was replaced by Patrick Moraz He worked on his own albums from 1972 The Six Wives of Henry VIII was instrumental featuring his multiple keyboards. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48rNKV78nb8 Journey to the Center of the Earth featured his rock band and a narrator with the London Symphony Orchestra and English Chamber Choir – very Jules Verne science fiction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0iBTiQFpoA

18. Emerson, Lake, & Palmer Keith Emerson (b. 1944) – British progressive rock keyboardist Initially with “The Nice” – did adaptation of classical pieces for rock band and orchestra, ie. Elegy which had Bernstein’s America From West Side Story in it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45pIvr4gJD4

19. Emerson met guitarist Greg Lake. The 2 recruited drummer Carl Palmer to form Emerson, Lake, and Palmer, or ELP. ELP’s work is a blend of Emerson’s command of Jazz, classical, and rock elements, and his keyboard mastery. Songs were original works based on classical models, and rock adaptation of classical pieces.

20. Pictures at an Exhibition (1972) – Mussorgsky’s 1874 work Trilogy (1972) – Aaron Copland’s Hoedown Brain Salad Surgery (1973) – Ginastera’sFirst Piano Concerto Works, Vol.1 (1977) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OLWgrr671g – Copland’s Fanfare for the Common Man http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr6CnG5dmvM Original

21. Frank Zappa American progressive rock, even though he seems to be more strange, obscene, and satirical. Topics include politics, religion, and society. Dark sense of humor Underneath the satire and strangeness, Zappa was a serious and structured composer. His music is the most challenging and creative in the history of rock or other genre.

22. Born in Baltimore in 1940, moved to California in 1950 Guitarist, singer, and composer Loved rhythm and blues as much as complex classical music by Stravinsky Moved to LA in 1964 and formed the group Soul Giants, which was later renamed the Mother of Invention

23. The Mother’s strange music and stange antics made them popular with LA’s drug crowd. 1st album Freak Out (1965) was a concept album that preceded the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper, & according to McCartney, inspired it. Zappa was not impressed by the Beatles however – released We’re Only In It for the Money in 1967, attacking Beatles and their fans

24. Listeners have difficulty following Zappa’s music because it follows 20th century classical music techniques that do not use tuneful melodies to rhythmic pulses. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql_3LS_B4q0 on Steve Allen show http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ho37arU5-2g part two British progressive rockers used 19th century classical music techniques

25. The Perfect Stranger (1984) Uncle Meat (1969) – music for a film that was never created Zappa was a spokesman for expression in the arts Explicit language kept him off radio and TV and strained relationships with record companies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAZ1BSmAubU Broken Hearts are for #*&$#*$&*

26. Attacked music censorship in his music and before government Hated studio musicians and used computer sequencing and synthesizers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZazEM8cgt0 explains the decline of the music business. Died of prostate cancer in 1993.

27. Reggae • The US and Great Britain have been the primary producers of rock, but rock music has become a world phenomenon • Other cultures have been influenced by rock music and have assimilated it into their cultures • One hybrid that developed close to the US was reggae • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh6qXWmLprY Reggae version of Adele

28. Reggae is a musical product of the lower class of Jamaica Jamaica was settled by the Spanish, then taken over by the British in the 1600s African slaves were brought in to work the land and soon became the dominant culture on the island The grandfather of reggae was a rural, local music called mento

29. Mento rhythm was influenced by many African-American and African-Carribean styles, such as calypso and merengue Its melodies and chords were influenced by British folk songs, but was played on rustic and traditional African instruments In later years it was considered quaint by the urban Jamaican youth and reserved for entertaining tourists

30. Radio, again… • During the 1950s Jamaican music came under the spell of American rhythm and blues • Because of Jamaica’s close proximity to the US its people were able to pick up AM broadcasts from New Orleans and Miami

31. From their attempts to play it Jamaican musicians developed a style known as ska Familiar elements from rhythm and blues can be found in ska music such as 12 bar blues progressions and the shuffle rhythm and strong backbeat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1gxJ7mj2uY Reel Big Fish Sell Out

32. The Skatalites • The Skatalites, the most popular of these ska groups, formed in 1963 included 4 trumpets, 2 trombones, 2 alto saxophones, 2 tenor saxes and a rhythm section of bass, 2 guitars, 3 keyboards and 3 percussionists • The concept of this horn section was as much derived from Mexican mariachi bands as the horn sections at Stax Records – no single instrument dominates the style, they equally contribute to the rhythm, melody and harmony • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVoXUGolOlo

33. The Maytals • In 1968 the ska group the Maytals recorded “Do the Reggay” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_IaoQxZMQ4

34. Reggae vs. Ska • Reggae uses slower tempos and a lighter bass line that does not emphasize the downbeat of each measure (unlike ska) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNuyeTd5EAQ Difference between Ska and Reggae

35. Reggae was a product of the poor blacks of Kingston, Jamaica’s capital Since the oppressing ruling powers of the island did not allow reggae to be played on the government controlled radio stations, the music was disseminated by “sound systems,” portable DJ systems set up on the streets that played records for the crowds

36. Chris Blackwell, born in London of Jamaican descent moved to Jamaica at 18 He became enamored with reggae and established Island Records to record it Because of his ties with England, his reggae recordings had a great influence on English rock musicians, notably Eric Clapton and the Police

37. Bob Marley • In 1972 his attention was drawn to Bob Marley, the leader of the Wailers • Although his music was popular on the island http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XiYUYcpsT4, Clapton’s recording of “I Shot the Sheriff” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10qLYy6hiFQbrought his music into the spotlight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Gq9GFEIbSA One Love • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEpSBsUjY-0 • Buffalo Soldier

38. Reggae, and thus Bob Marley, experienced more success in England than in the US, where Americans had a difficult time figuring out how to dance to the disjointed rhythms Americans has also become accustomed to slick, lavish stage shows; since reggae was primarily studio music, it often proved disappointing in concert Bob Marley died of cancer in 1981

39. HEAVY METAL

40. As the 1960s came to an end, so did much of its culture and musical experimentation Between 1968 and 1971 a number of influential figures died including Martin Luther King, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jim Morrison

41. Naïve middle class youth who had abandoned themselves to drugs and nonmaterialistic communal living soon realized the harsh consequences of their lifestyles The “us” generation became the “me” generation The music business reached unprecedented heights of profitability in the 1970s, creating a conservative institution that left little room for experimentation

42. Heavy Metal • Some bands began to get louder and more aggressive in the 1970s, building on the fancy guitar work by Jimi Hendrix and the higher distortion of the Who • Stage shows included flamethrowers and smoke machines • Lyrics and stage presentations drew on themes of horror and the occult

43. Led Zeppelin • Formed in 1968 in England • Originally began as a blues based rock band • Vocalist Robert Plant had a high, shrieking style of singing that would define heavy metal singing • As they went into the 1970s, they began to wear more flamboyant clothing and their lyrics became more oriented toward mythology • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcL---4xQYA Stairway to Heaven

44. Black Sabbath • Formed in 1969, their first album was released in 1970 and exhibited a full-blown heavy metal style • Guitarist Tony Iommi lost the tips to two of his fingers in a factory accident at the age of 17, contributing in part to his sound and playing style • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jdAwXV7eVM • Paranoid

45. Blue Öyster Cult http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUO_5EALZoM Don’t Fear the Reaper http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGBD1KUz2RA SNL Organized in 1967 in Long Island, strongest early contribution to heavy rock Music featured in films (Halloween) and TV miniseries Stephen King’s The Stand

46. Aerosmith Glamour Rock 1970s in Boston Steven Tyler Modeled after the Rolling Stones – heavily blues based and danceable Third album – Toys in the Attic was the breakthrough. 1980s slump, but single “Walk This Way” with Run DMC brought them back from their slump. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B_UYYPb-Gk

47. Van Halen • Most notable for guitarist Eddie Van Halen’s guitar work – he used a multitude of new or less frequently used techniques in new ways • Although he didn’t invent the technique of fingertapping on guitar, he is most famously known for using the technique • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlq0lYB3iSM Jump

48. Stadium Rock Grand design to accomdate large crowds in large spaces Power ballads – slow, dramatic songs Rush, Styx, Heart, Boston, and Kansas They followed formulas that would eventually lead to underground rebellions with musical styles such as disco, punk, and grunge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGQGz7dvTsStyx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRfcq4M2VsMBoston

49. FUNK

50. First ½ of 1960s, soul music held strong against British rock. Second ½ it began to follow safer pop thoughts and a growing black middle class. Funk came forward bold James Brown http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnn8hM8GgG4 , Sly and the Family Stone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyaHsCBulI0 Vamp tunes with pounding bass, staccato guitar, and horn lines.