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Specific Heat and Its Effects on Earth

This handout discusses the concept of specific heat and its impact on Earth. It provides background information on specific heat capacity and energy units. The handout also includes past Regents questions and their answers related to specific heat.

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Specific Heat and Its Effects on Earth

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  1. Do Now: Write your answers on the handout in complete sentences. 1) Imagine that next period we will be going on a class trip to the beach. If properly dressed, would you go swimming/play is the water today? Why or why not? 2 ) Now imagine it is August 26, 2013, you are at the beach and properly dressed. Would you go in the water? Why or why not?

  2. Aim: What is specific heat and what affect does it have on Earth?

  3. Background/Understanding Directions: Use the textbook to look up information. Please take a moment to independently read the information as you copy and reread it after you copy. What is Specific Heat? • Text:Specific Heat Capacity (C) of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1oC (or by 1 K). • Simply Stated: Specific Heat Capacity can be thought of as a measure of how much heat energy is needed to warm the substance up.

  4. Background/Understanding • You will possibly have noticed that it is easier to warm up a saucepan full of oil than it is to warm up one full of water. • The small values show that not a lot of energy is needed to produce a temperature change, whereas the large values indicate a lot more energy is needed.

  5. Using the ESRT

  6. Understanding Measurements Energy units • Heat energy is traditionally defined in calories. • 1 calorie = heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C. • Just to make things confusing, if you capitalize calorie, it means something different. • 1 Cal = 1000 cal • These are called food Calories. You need to eat about 2000 Calories per day. • Work is defined in physics as energy required to move a massive object or substance. Work is traditionally measured in Joules. • 1 J = work done in moving 1 meter against a force of 1 Newton • Heat and work are different forms of energy, and we now prefer to measure both in Joules. • 1 cal = 4.18 J

  7. For example, the specific heat of gold is over 30 times smaller than that of water. In other words, a kilogram of gold will go from 20°C to 90°C, while water will only go from 20°C to 22°C when they both are heated equally. The specific heat of gold is 0.031 calories per gram per degree Celsius (0.031cal/g·°C).

  8. Each metal and each material have a different rate of heating. Here we see that gold heats up 7 times faster than aluminum. That means that everything has their own specific heat (also called heat capacity). Aluminum's specific heat is 0.216 cal/g·°C, which is about 7 times more than that of gold (0.031 cal/g·°C).

  9. Application How does specific heat affect me? • Cooking Times • Land Breezes and Sea Breezes

  10. Summary/Exit SlipPast Regents Questions Directions: Read the questions, underline important information, use the ESRT, and circle the choice that best completes each item below. 1) On a clear summer day, the surface of land is usually warmer than the surface of a nearby body of water because the water 1. receives less insolation 3. has a higher density 2. reflects less insolation 4. has a higher specific heat 2) Why are the beaches that are located on the southern shore of Long Island often considerably cooler than nearby inland locations on hot summer afternoons? 1. A land breeze develops due to the lower specific heat of water and the higher specific heat of land. 2. A sea breeze develops due to the higher specific heat of water and the lower specific heat of land. 3. The beaches are closer to the Equator than the inland locations are. 4. The beaches are farther from the Equator than the inland locations are.

  11. Summary/Exit SlipPast Regents Questions Directions: Read the questions, underline important information, use the ESRT, and circle the choice that best completes each item below. 3) During some winters in the Finger Lakes region of New York State, the lake water remains unfrozen even though the land around the lakes is frozen and covered with snow. The primary cause of this difference is that water 1. gains heat during evaporation 2. is at a lower elevation 3. has a higher specific heat 4. reflects more radiation 4) Which statement best explains why climates at continental shorelines generally have a smaller yearly temperature range than inland climates at the same latitude? 1. Land is a poor absorber and a poor conductor of heat energy. 2. Land changes temperature rapidly, due to the high specific heat and lack of transparency of land. 3. Ocean water is a good absorber and a good conductor of heat energy. 4. Ocean water changes temperature slowly, due to the high specific heat and transparency of water.

  12. References • Slide 1: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static7.depositphotos.com/1306269/786/i/950/depositphotos_7863545-Beach-scene-with-kids-swimming.jpg&imgrefurl=http://depositphotos.com/7863545/stock-photo-Beach-scene-with-kids-swimming.html&h=950&w=950&sz=266&tbnid=Da4EKCqgvlCcdM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=90&zoom=1&usg=__RhiLHFGG6QeNkVUnxTJoP-Xcqvo=&docid=pIbNMqPpSLSD6M&sa=X&ei=xi52UYLmEtC40gHEsYDoAg&ved=0CDEQ9QEwAA&dur=335 • Slide 2: http://www.123rf.com/photo_9929887_vector-cartoon-of-man-freezing-on-winter-beach.html • Slide 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McU9jY-s8kM • Slide 7 & 8: http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM151S/06-Thermochemistry/Energy/EnergyUnitSpecificHeat.html • Slide 9: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQV72Yzmjyc

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