Grammar

1. Grammar

2. 定语从句 起修饰限定作用的句子就叫做定语从句。 引导定语从句的关联词有： 关系代词：who,whom whose,which, that 关系副词：when,where

3. 定语从句的位置 定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。 e.g. This isthe carwhich he bought last year. 先行词 定语从句 Do you know the man? He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?

4. whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。 e.g. Do you know the man(whom)we saw at the Beijing Hotel? The girl is from America. I called her just now. The girl(whom ) I called just nowis from America.

5. which指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。 e.g. I’m not interested in the bookwhichhas just been published.

6. I have read the newspaperwhich carriesthe important news. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.

7. I showed him the letter. I received it this morning I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.

8. They’re talking about the film. I have seen the film. that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。 The house that I’m going to buy faces south. They’re talking about the film (that) I’ve seen.

9. Jane has borrowed the book. It was written by Laoshe. Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.

10. * 先行词前有下列词语修饰时, 定语从句必须用that引导,不能用which。 all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only, very, the+序数词, the+形容词最高级 e.g. This is the cleanest parkthat you can imagine. e.g. This is the only bookthat has been written in French.

11. e.g. He talked about the things and personshe had visited in the city. that * 当先行词有人又有物的时候，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。 e.g. Who is the man is standing over there. that * 在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。

12. * 在下列情况下, 定语从句必须用 which引导, 不能用that。 • 1. 在非限制性定语从句中 • 2. 在介词后面 • e.g. • It is raining outside, which makes us unhappy. • The poem of which he is fond was written by Shelly.

13. The girl got first. Her father had given us a report. The girl whose fatherhad given us a report got first. *whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。 e.g. That’s the man whose house wasburned down.

14. That is the new machine. The parts of it are too small to see. That’s the machine whose parts are too small to see. That’s the machine, the parts of which are too small to see.

15. Choose the best answers: 1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you want? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it

16. 4. Please take the second chair_______ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 5. Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 6. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police. (NMET98’) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

17. 8. I don’t like ____ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

18. 9. The weather turned out to be very good, ____was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years. A. these B. those C. that D. which

19. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that. 1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait. 2. The man to _____ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy ______ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house _____ windows were all broken. who whom whose whose

20. 5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars. 6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him? 7. This is the best hotel ____ I know. 8. He showed a machine _____ parts are too small to be seen. that that that whose

21. 基础练习 B 1. Is that the house ____ you bought last year? A. where B. which 2. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing at? A. which B.where 3. It is the most interesting book ___ I’ll ever read. A. which B. that A B

22. 4. The street ______ is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. which 5. The person ___ finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when 6. This is the room __ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. where B A B

23. 7. The boy ___ mother is ill can not come to the party. A. who B. whose 8. Tell me the reason ___ you are late. A. which B. why B B

24. whose 填空： 1. Look at that lady______name is Pochi. 2. He is a teacher_________I like very much. 3. Those pictures_________ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _____ will go to the park stay here. 5. That was all the money ______ I had. whom/that which/that who that

25. 6. Tom is the first boy _____ left the room. 7. Look at the boy and his dog _____ are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _____ I have. 9. That was the year _____ I went to America. 10. I won’t forget the days ____ we spent together. 10. we came to the town ______ we stayed for 2 hours. that that that when that where

26. 翻译 1. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。 He showed me the place where he lost his wallet. 2. 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。 I don’t know the girl whom/that you speak to. 3. 她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。 She is a girl who is called Mary.

27. 4. 那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。 Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends. 5. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天? Do you remember the day when we arrived here?