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Lecture 024

Lecture 024. Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae. Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista. Monera. Kingdom Fungi. About 100,000 species. Kingdom Plantae. About 300,000 species. Kingdom Fungi. About 100,000 species. Uses: medicine food Ecological value: major decomposers

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Lecture 024

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  1. Lecture 024 Kingdoms Fungi& Plantae

  2. Plantae Fungi Animalia • Protista Monera

  3. Kingdom Fungi About 100,000 species Kingdom Plantae About 300,000 species

  4. Kingdom Fungi About 100,000 species • Uses: • medicine • food • Ecological value: • major decomposers • symbiotic relationships (N2 fixers) • Problems: • some strains are deadly • athletes foot • destroy library books • destroy crops

  5. Some fungi are pathogens • About 30% of the 100,000 known species of fungi are parasites, mostly on or in plants. • American elms: Dutch Elm Disease • American chestnut: • chestnut blight Was once one of America's most dominant trees

  6. Some fungi are pathogens • Other fungi, such as rusts and ergots, infect grain crops, causing tremendous economic losses each year.

  7. Some fungi are pathogens • Curse of the Mummy

  8. Some fungi are persistant Athletes Foot

  9. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic, absorptive Mostly multicellular (except few, e.g. yeast) Heterotrophic (decomposers & parasitic) Mycelium (body of hyphae) Includes molds, yeasts, rusts, and mushrooms

  10. Kingdom Fungi Firm cell walls (generally of “chitin”) “Spores” as reproductive bodies Unique chromosomes and nuclei

  11. hyphae - the vegetative bodies of most fungi, constructed of tiny filaments • mycelium -an interwoven mat of hyphae

  12. Human hair Fungal hypha

  13. Haustoria: • Modified hyphae found in parasitic fungi • Function: absorb nutrients from host • Some fungi even have hyphae adapted for preying on animals.

  14. Kingdom Fungi Division Chytridiomycota Division Ascomycota Division Basidiomycota Division Zygomycota Division Deuteromycota

  15. ? Deuteromycota Fungus-like protist

  16. The four fungal phyla can be distinguished by their reproductive features.

  17. Division Chytridiomycota • mainly aquatic. • Some are saprobes, while others parasitize protists, plants, and animals. • chitinous cell wall • flagellated zoospores • the most primitive fungi

  18. Division Zygomycota “Zygote fungi”(bread molds) Zygote = “mated” hyphal strands Live in soil, water Some are parasites 600 species

  19. Mated hyphal strands

  20. Division Ascomycota “Sac fungi”(truffles, yeast) Beer > 6,000 years Wine > 8,000 years Lichens Decomposers, pathogens “yeast” describes a form of fungi (i.e., non-hyphal) 60,000 species

  21. Division Ascomycota Scarlet cup Morchella truffles

  22. Division Ascomycota Close up of cheese showing blue-green mycelium of Penicillium roqueforti. Roquefort cheese

  23. Yeast

  24. Lichen

  25. Lichen Anatomy

  26. Division Basidiomycota “Club fungi”(mushrooms) Club-shaped reproductive structure Food Plant diseases 25,000 species

  27. Fairy Ring

  28. Division Deuteromycota • “Imperfect fungi”(penicillin) • Unrelated group • Asexual • No info on sexual cycle 25,000 species

  29. Penicillin Woops… now Ascomycota

  30. Candida albicans “yeast infection”

  31. Botrytis: “Noble Rot”

  32. Plant-Fungal Relationships Mycorrhizae (“fungus roots”) 90% of tree species have this association Very important to absorption of water and nutrients

  33. Soil surface Plant roots Mycorrhizae Increases s.a. for absorption

  34. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cells organized into distinct tissues. Photoautotrophic nutrition. Most adapted for a terrestrial existence and possessing vascular tissues. Cells with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls. Includes mosses, ferns, pine trees, cycads, ginkgos, and flowering plants.

  35. Kingdom Plantae Division Bryophyta Division Pteridophyta Division Coniferophyta Division Anthophyta

  36. Kingdom Plantae Coniferophyta Pteridophyta Anthophyta Bryophyta

  37. Division Bryophyta “Mosses,” “liverworts,” “hornworts” Moist terrestrial No vascular tissue 16,000 species

  38. Vascular Systems Water Ability to grow tall Water uptake Anchor

  39. Works in a dry environment Reproduction Pollen Seedsor spores

  40. Division Pteridophyta “Ferns” True vascular system Seedless (spores) 12,000 species

  41. Division Coniferophyta “Conifers” (pines) Naked seedsin a cone Tallest, oldest plants Important source of wood, paper 500 species

  42. Division Anthophyta • “Flowering plants” • Particularly successful in dry habitats • Flowers and fruits: associations with animals • Transport sperm & reproductive propagules 230,000 species

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