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ITS at Borders

ITS at Borders. Edward McCormack Winter 2009. National Borders Problem Context. Primary Border Function Ensure That Only Permitted Persons and Goods Enter the Country Inspection Process Results In Congestion ITS Solution Sets Provide Traveler Information Improve Processing Time.

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ITS at Borders

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  1. ITS at Borders Edward McCormack Winter 2009

  2. National Borders Problem Context • Primary Border Function • Ensure That Only Permitted Persons and Goods Enter the Country • Inspection Process Results In Congestion • ITS Solution Sets • Provide Traveler Information • Improve Processing Time Source: Bart Cima IBI

  3. Border Data • Freight (much of the paper work is handled by brokers) • Tariffs • Quotas • Bills of lading/manifests • Produce control (such as drug interdiction) • Currency law • People (held by each individual traveler) • Nationality • Health • Employment status • Time in or out of county • Permission to enter or stay in country • Political status • Criminal record

  4. Customs and Border Protection Immigration Cargo Agriculture DEA Fish and Wildlife U.S. Marshals ATF Coast Guard Border station “owned” by Government Services Agency Many Agencies Involved in Border Operations

  5. Complex Environment Source: WCOG

  6. The Border Post 9-11 • Emphasis on security • Customs went from revenue collection to a security agency • Increasing reliance on pre-clearance of known shippers and closer scrutiny of chains of custody • Increasing use of ITS and other technologies to verify people, cargo, vehicle

  7. Smart Border Accord & Technology • In 2002, US and Canada agreed to sort out border issues • 30 point accord heavy on technology including ITS • But technology alone does not make the border smart • It can enhance security • by reducing identity fraud • by help to sort and analyze traveler information • And can improve traffic flow • by linking data and pre-clearing travelers / cargo • by managing congestion

  8. Washington - British Columbia Region

  9. Washington Borders • Four Crossings at Wash./B.C. border • Two can be used by trucks • Operates as a system

  10. Example Washington/B.C. Border has a Congestion Problem • 4th busiest commercial crossing on border • 700,000 trucks crossed in 2006 • 6 million cars crossed in 2006 • Delay costs millions per year • Enforcement staffing has not kept up with traffic

  11. ITS Solutions – Border Crossing Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS)

  12. Background Traveler Information Needs: • Pre-trip planning information • Advance notification of crossing wait times Source: Bart Cima IBI

  13. Pre-Trip Information • Traffic Cameras • Historical Wait Time Data • Customs Reports

  14. 99 Peace Arch or Pacific Highway? ? SURREY, BC Pacific Highway Peace Arch , WA ? Source: WCOG

  15. The ATIS Solution PA….25 minPH….37 min NB: Save 45 minutes at Pac Hwy.SB: Save 8 minutes at Peace Arch. SURREY, BC Pacific Highway Peace Arch , WA PA….55 minPH….10 min Source: WCOG

  16. British Columbia Southbound ATIS Project • Funds From Both Countries • Measures Real-time Border Crossing Times • Captures Video Images • Message Signs, Telephone, & Internet

  17. Southbound ATIS

  18. Northbound ATIS • Developed by WSDOT • Project includes: • Web Site • Traffic Cameras • Highway Advisory Radio • Loop Detectors • Border Agencies Also Interested in Data • Including Access to CCTV Cameras

  19. Northbound ATIS

  20. Improving Processing Time

  21. ITS Approaches to Improve Processing Time • Identification of lower-risk people, vehicles and shipments • Make the data exchanges electronic (reduce paper transactions) • Use inspection technology

  22. ITS Solutions for Passenger Vehicles

  23. Border Technology

  24. License Plate Readers • Electronic identification of license plates • Automatic link to law enforcement databases • Helps identify of vehicles of interest

  25. License Plate Readers

  26. License Plate Readers • Uses optical character recognition and works at night • Have difficulty reading some state’s plates, some fonts, and in some weather conditions • Border traffic is slow speed so system works well • Needs to tied to a database

  27. NEXUS Program • Passenger vehicles • Smart card-based, bi-national travel program • Pre-approved travelers can skip queues and access a dedicated commuter lane 1-866-NEXUS26 www.ccra.gc.ca/nexus

  28. Nexus Card • Cost $50 (US) for approved individuals • Proximity-based radio frequency card with chip and antenna • Reader next to inspection booth • Displays data and digital photo inside booth

  29. Passport/License Card • New Washington State driver licenses with RFID chip and unique ID number (no information) • Less costly than a passport • Passports also have RFID chip

  30. Proximity Card Reader

  31. Cameras

  32. Solutions for Freight Movement

  33. The Trade Flow Source: Bart Cima IBI

  34. Electronic Filing US Now Requires One Hour Notification Source: Bart Cima IBI

  35. WSDOT In–Bond Project • In-Bond Shipments • Transit shipments thru the US • Shipper posts a bond • Tracks shipment from Ports of Seattle and Tacoma to border with Canada • Uses Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) Technology • Vehicle Mounted Transponder (the CVISN Transponder) • Roadside Readers

  36. Advanced Notification for Entering US • Trucks – one hour • Ships – 24 hours • Airplanes – Before leaving • Cars/People - none

  37. Source: Bart Cima IBI In-Bond Project Source: Bart Cima IBI Transponder Source: Bart Cima IBI

  38. Northbound In-Bond Process • When truck exits port, the system alerts US Customs • AVI readers at weigh stations provide en-route information • AVI reader south of the border gives preview of in-bond status • Automatically clears out the bond and marks the cargo as exported

  39. Risk Assessment • Identification of Lower Risk Shipments • A number of programs designed to reduce risk • Pre-arrival program for trusted truckers • Automated targeting systems • Electronic container seals • Allow inspection agencies to focus on higher-risk traffic

  40. Risk Assessment Source: Bart Cima IBI

  41. Risk Assessment & Container Seals Standard “dumb” seal Transponder door seal

  42. One eSeal that was tested in Washington • Disposable transponder for container door • 316 MHz (military frequency) • Costs $5 • Tamper indicator message • Readable at 35 MPH • Transmits unique ID number

  43. Another E-seal Tested in Washington • Semi-disposable • CVISN Compatible • 915 MHz • Costs $50

  44. Other Electronic Container Seals

  45. Electronic Seal Functions • Reusable or disposable • Battery life • Durability • Cost • Active or passive • Frequency (no standard yet) • Readable at freeway speeds • Range • Security

  46. Example: How Electronic Seals Work • In-transit containers of prohibited foods “lost” by US Department of Agriculture • Seal track containers from Texas and Port of Tacoma to Canada • Reader at border indicates when containers have left country

  47. eSeal being Programmed

  48. eSeal Installed

  49. eSeal Readers at Border

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