U.S. Expansion: From Manifest Destiny to Imperialism

1. The U.S Expands Beyond Its BordersHow and why does the U.S expand beyond its borders? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORXuy7jOjXQ

2. IMPERIALISM AND THE U.S Throughout the 19th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean (Louisiana Purchase, Manifest Destiny, Mexican-American War, Oregon Country, etc.) By 1880, many American leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas. Thus began America’s foray into ___________________ – the policy in which stronger nations extend control over weaker nations Shows Uncle Sam in progressive stages from childhood in 1783 to 1899, growing in number of states and acreage.  WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire for __________________–strong navy 2) Thirst for ________________– to spur economy & trade 3) Belief in _________________________– a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior

3. 1867: THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA • Purchased during __________________________presidency. • Bought from _________ for 7.2 million dollars • The purchase was known originally by many as “____________________________” or “Seward’s Folly” until oil was discovered. • Formally became a state in 1959. http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/william-seward/videos

4. 1898: U.S. TAKES HAWAII Hawaii had been ___________________important to Americans for centuries (sugarcane, pineapples) To avoid import taxes (tariffs), sugar growers pleaded for Hawaiian __________________ (incorporation into the U.S) The U.S. knew the value of the Islands – they had built a naval base at _________________in 1887 The U.S overthrew the Hawaiian Monarch, Queen ____________________ in 1898 Led by Sanford Dole, the U.S annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959.

5. 1898: THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR • ____________________sentiment in Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence • Cuba attempted a revolution in 1895 • Cubans deliberately destroyed property, including American sugar plants, hoping to ___________ American intervention • America had long held an interest in Cuba • When Cubans unsuccessfully rebelled against Spanish rule in the late 19th century, American sympathy went out to the Cuban people • After Spain abolished slavery in Cuba in 1886, Americans invested millions in Cuban sugar http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/theodore-roosevelt/videos/spanish-american-war?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

6. WAR FEVER ESCALATES • Early in 1888, President McKinley ordered the _______________to Cuba in order to bring home American citizens in danger • On February 15, 1898 the ship blew up in the harbor of ___________ • More than 260 men were killed • Newspaper publishers ________________________ (New York Journal) and Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) used _______________________, exaggerating Spanish atrocities and brutality in “Headline Wars” Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst escalating and instigating war between the U.S. and Spain

7. WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN • There was no holding back those that wanted war with Spain • _____________ blamed the Spanish for bombing the U.S.S. Maine (recent investigations have shown it was a fire inside the Maine) • “_____________________!” became a rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba

8. U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF PARIS • The U.S. and Spain signed an armistice on August 12, 1898, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war” • The war lasted only _____________ • Cuba became independent as a result of the _______ Amendment in 1903. The amendment gave the U.S the right to maintain ___________________ on the island and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs • The U.S. received ______, ________________, and “bought” the _________________ for $20 million Treaty of Paris, 1898

9. THE PANAMA CANALBuilt between 1904-1914 • By the early 20th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama • It would greatly reduce ________times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans • The French had already unsuccessfully attempted to build a canal through Panama • America first had to help Panama win their independence from Colombia – which it did • Construction of the Canal stands as one of the greatest engineering feats of all-time Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2T7CL9wqyM

11. THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY • Roosevelt wanted to be sure the United States was the dominant power in the _______________. • Roosevelt Corollary was added to the Monroe Doctrine saying the U.S. would use _______ to protect its interests in _______________. This policy became known as “______________________” Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy was a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.

12. FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA • China was a vast potential market for American products • Weakened by war and foreign intervention, many European countries had colonized in China • In 1889, John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State, issued the ______________________ which outlined his plan for free trade among nations in China This policy reflected American beliefs in the importance of exports, the right of America to intervene to __________________________________, and the belief that America’s survival depended on access to foreign markets.

13. BOXER REBELLION • European nations dominated _________ cities • Resentment arose in the form of secret societies determined to rid China of these “_____________________” • The Boxer’s were a _________ group that rioted in 1900, killing and vandalizing all things ______________ • Foreign troops were called in to put down this “Boxer Rebellion”. • China was forced to open all ports to foreign trade. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcwbMmUWHGw