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3.1-3.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

3.1-3.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Organic Chem and Macromolecules. Organic Chem and Functional Groups. Got Phenylalaninedehydroxylase ?. Phenylaline is a toxic amino acid. Phenylalaninedehydroxylase breaks it down . 0. Space-filling model. Structural formula.

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3.1-3.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

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  1. 3.1-3.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

  2. Organic Chem and Macromolecules

  3. Organic Chem and Functional Groups

  4. Got Phenylalaninedehydroxylase?

  5. Phenylaline is a toxic amino acid

  6. Phenylalaninedehydroxylase breaks it down

  7. 0 Space-fillingmodel Structuralformula Ball-and-stickmodel H H H H C C H H H Methane H The 4 single bonds of carbon point to the corners of a tetrahedron. • Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon • A carbon atom can form four covalent bonds • Allowing it to build large and diverse organic compounds Figure 3.1A

  8. Fig. 4-3 Molecular Formula Structural Formula Ball-and-Stick Model Space-Filling Model Name (a) Methane (b) Ethane (c) Ethene (ethylene)

  9. Carbon Configuration • Chain • Branched chain • Ring Structure

  10. Propane Ethane Length. Carbon skeletons vary in length.

  11. Butane Isobutane Branching. Skeletons may be unbranched or branched.

  12. 1-Butene 2-Butene Double bonds. Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary in location.

  13. Cyclohexane Benzene Skeletons may be arranged in rings. Rings.

  14. Isomers • Isomers – same chemical formula, but different chemical arrangement • 3 different types of isomers

  15. Structural isomer-differ in arrangement of covalent bonds

  16. Geometric isomer-differ in spatial arrangement

  17. Enantiomer isomer- “mirror image”

  18. 4 macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  19. Functional Groups! • These are like name tags for large macromolecule groups Glucose

  20. Hydroxyl • Hydroxyl –OH (sometimes referred to as alcohol.) • Found in alcohol compounds • Example: Ethanol

  21. Carbonyl • Keto =CO • Aldehyde -CHO

  22. Carboxyl • Carboxyl -COOH found in acids

  23. Amino • Amino -NH2 found in amino acids phenylalanine

  24. Methyl • Methyl –CH3

  25. Phosphate • Phosphate - PO4 • Unstable due to electronegativity • Found in ATP, DNA, RNA

  26. Functional Groups make recognizing macromolecules easier

  27. Estradiol Female lion Testosterone Male lion

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