1 / 23

The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement. There were two phases to the Civil Rights movement: one phase between 1945-1965 and the other after 1965. I. Why Did the Civil Rights Movement Take Off After 1945?. Black equality became a significant political issue for the Democratic Party

thomasmarie
Download Presentation

The Civil Rights Movement

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Civil Rights Movement There were two phases to the Civil Rights movement: one phase between 1945-1965 and the other after 1965.

  2. I. Why Did the Civil Rights Movement Take Off After 1945? • Black equality became a significant political issue for the Democratic Party • WWII had been fought against racism abroad—hard to keep harboring it at home • Black veterans came home dedicated to change • Increasing number of White Americans condemned segregation • Discrimination in the United States hurt our propaganda battle against the Communists

  3. II. The Truman Years • Truman’s 1948 election year agenda • No significant Civil Rights congressional legislation • Truman moves on his own to do what he can for Civil Rights --Desegregation of the military (1948) • Jackie Robinson’s breakthrough (1947)

  4. II. The Truman Years (cont.) • Split at the 1948 Democratic convention • Energized Truman hits the campaign trail hard • Republican Dewey runs a boring, conservative campaign • Truman’s stunning election • Truman’s “Fair Deal” (1949)

  5. III. The Battle in the Courts • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) -- “separate but equal” facilities = legal • Smith v. Allwright (1944) • First attack = “separate is not equal” • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) -- Chief Justice Earl Warren

  6. III. Battle in the Courts (cont.) • Eisenhower disapproves of Brown decision • Desegregation “with all deliberate speed” • Other Warren Court Civil Rights decisions • Popular opposition to the Brown decision • No real progress on desegregation at first

  7. IV. The Eisenhower Years • Eisenhower’s philosophy related to Civil Rights laws • First Civil Rights Acts passed since the Civil War (1957 and 1960) • Opposition to the integration of Little Rock Central High School (1957) --Governor Orville Faubus

  8. V. Out of the Schools and Into the Buses • The arrest of Rosa Parks (December, 1955) • The Montgomery, Ala. Bus Boycott • The leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. • The “Montgomery” model for Civil Rights activism: boycott, publicity, courts • SCLC formed (1957)

  9. VI. A Mass Movement Takes Shape • Lunch counter “sit-ins” begin: Greensboro, NC (February, 1960) • SNCC created (April, 1960) • CORE “Freedom Ride” (May, 1961)

  10. VI. A Mass Movement Takes Shape (cont.) • Demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama (April, 1963) --Eugene “Bull” Connor • “Letter from Birmingham City Jail” • Governor George Wallace tries to block integration of the University of Alabama (Fall, 1963)

  11. VI. A Mass Movement Takes Shape (cont.) • JFK finally begins to campaign for Civil Rights legislation • Continued violence even in the face of some progress • Martin Luther King, Jr. and the March on Washington (August, 1963) -- “I Have a Dream”

  12. VI. A Mass Movement Takes Shape (cont.) • Mississippi Freedom Summer Project (1964) • MFDP Protests at the 1964 Democratic convention • Voter registration in Selma, Alabama (1965) --Sheriff Jim Clark • By the mid-1960’s, substantial success in the South had been achieved

  13. VII. The Kennedy and Johnson Years • JFK’s initial reluctance to push for Civil Rights laws • The integration of Ole’ Miss (1962) --James Meredith • JFK finally decides to push past better enforcement to new congressional Civil Rights legislation

  14. VII. The Johnson Years (cont.) • The role of Kennedy’s assassination in the Civil Rights movement • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Anti-poll tax Amendment (24th—1964) • Voting Rights Act (1965) • Impact of the Voting Rights Act

  15. VII. The Johnson Years (cont.) • The tone of public political discourse changed after 1965 • Johnson appoints first Black cabinet secretary: Robert Weaver of HUD (1966) • Much more needed to be done for Civil Rights outside of the South, so 2nd phase began

  16. VIII. The Era of Disillusionment: 1965 On • Early to mid-1960’s were a hopeful time for Civil Rights advocates • Goal of Assimilation • A “Spoiled Utopia” after 1965—things would not be that simple

  17. A. New Problems • Residential Discrimination -- “Red Lining” • The Challenges of School integration in the North • The historical, traditional segregation of northern cities • The resurrection of the KKK once again • More effective White opponents in the North

  18. B. Race Riots • Watts Riots in Los Angeles (Summer, 1965) • Riots each summer from 1965-1969 --Chicago and Cleveland (1966) --Newark and Detroit (1967) --Washington, D.C. (1968)

  19. B. Race Riots (cont.) • Riots as an expression of grievance against the White American consumer society • Riots shocked the White American public • Frustration and self-destruction expressed in these riots • Unlike earlier race riots, these riots were not started by White mobs

  20. C. “Black Power” • Growing tension between SNCC and Martin Luther King, Jr. --Stokely Carmichael • “Black Power” • Carmichael succeeded by H. Rap Brown as head of SNCC (1967)

  21. C. “Black Power” (cont.) • The formation of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, CA (1966) --Huey Newton --Eldridge Cleaver • Resurrection of the philosophy of Marcus Garvey

  22. C. “Black Power” (cont.) • The leadership of Malcolm X --Black Muslims --Assassinated in 1965 • Cultural expressions of “Black Power”: --Afro Hairstyles --Black-studies programs -- “Negro” no longer used --1968 Olympics

  23. D. Decline of the Civil Rights Movement • Economic contraction works against Civil Rights concessions • Northern phase not as successful • Resistance from White Unions • Vietnam replaces Civil Rights as the liberal crusade • Martin Luther King, Jr. loses influence with LBJ

More Related