LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

1. LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

2. LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS • PERSEORANGAN (INDIVIDUAL PROPRIETORSHIP) • PERSEKUTUAN (PARTNERSHIP) • PERSEKUTUAN KOMANDITER, COMMANDITAIRE VENNOOTSCHAP/DUTCH, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP/ENGLISH • KOPERASI (COOPERATIVE) • PERSEROAN TERBATAS (CORPORATION, LIMITED COMPANY, INCORPORATED) • PERSERO (STATE OWN COMPANY) • PERUM (PUBLIC CORPORATION)

3. INDIVIDUAL PROPRIETORSHIP • BUSINESS ESTABLISHED (CREATED) AND RUN BY INDIVIDUAL • CAPITAL NEEDED COME FROM THE OWNER • THE OWNER HAS FULL RESPONSIBILITY • NO SEPARATION OF PERSONAL’S ASSETS FROM BUSINESS’ ASSETS • BUSINESS OF INDIVIDUAL PROPRIETORSHIP: • RESTAURANT • TRADING • HOME INDUSTRY

4. PARTNERSHIP • PARTNERSHIP IS CREATED TO RUN A BUSINESS USING COLLECTIVE NAME, THE NAME OF PARTNERSHIP COME FROM THE NAME OF OWNERS OR FOUNDERS (LAW FIRM LUBIS SITUMORANG HUTAPEA, PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT ISAK SALEH SUWONDO (ISS)) • BUSINESS OF PARTNERSHIP: • TRADING • NON TRADING: ADVOCACY, PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT, APPRAISAL. • CAPITAL COME FROM THE FOUNDERS

5. COMMANDITAIRE VENNOOTSCHAP (LIMITED PARTNERSHIP) • A BUSINESS ESTABLISHED AND OWN BY TWO OR MORE PEOPLES TO ACHIEVE A COMON GOALS. THE OWNERS HAVE DIFFERENT INVOLVEMENT IN RUNNING THE BUSINESS. • CV HAS SIMILARITY WITH PARTNERSHIP. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS THAT CV HAS TWO KINDS OF PARTNER: • ACTIVE PARTNERS WHO HAVE FULL RESPONSIBILTIES, BECOME MANAGERS, AND MAKE AGREEMENT WITH THIRD PARTIES ON BEHALF OF PARTNERSHIP. • SILENT PARTNERS, THEY CAN’T BECOME MANAGERS, THEIR RESPONSILITIES ARE LIMITED ON THE CAPITAL SURRENDERED • BUSINESS OF CV: • CATERING • PRINTING • TRADING

6. COOPERATIVE • Organization which members are people and/or legal entities. All of whom join the organization voluntarily on the basis of equality of rights and obligations. This organization does one or more forms of business for the welfare of its member(s) specifically and for the welfare of the society in general on the basis on Cooperative principles with familial foundation.

7. PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATIVES • Membership: open and voluntary • Democratic management • Fair/ equitable SHU-division • Fair return on invested capital(s) • Independence

8. TYPES OF MEMBERSHIP • Primary cooperative: • Individual membership • Minimum: 20 people • Example: Koperasi Pegawai Negri/ KPN UB (Civil Servant Cooperative) • Secondary cooperative: • Cooperative which members are primary cooperatives • Example: PUSKUD

9. Limited Liability Company (Perseroan Terbatas) Entity with: • Pooled capital, • formed based on contract(s), • perform business activities with capital which subsequently divided into stocks • Fulfill conditions stated in law (Undang-undang) and regulations

10. Form and characteristics of LLC (PT) • PT TERTUTUP (BIASA) • PT TERBUKA (GO PUBLIC) • PT PMDN: Domestic investment company • PT PMA: Foreign investment company • PT PERSERO

11. Discussion • Why legal entities are needed? • What are the forms of legal entities? • How to establish those legal entities?

12. Assignment • Find a company, then describes its type of legal entity, type of business, market, and competitors. • Please explain the following terminologies: Entrepreneurship, Manager, Employee.