High Intensity Discharge (HID) A custom presentation for: Customer Name Here by Your Name Here

1. High Intensity Discharge (HID) • A custom presentation for: • Customer Name Here • by • Your Name Here

2. HID Family: Universal’s Offering Universal is the technology leader in every category of HID ballasts covering every lamp application. Universal stocks and delivers ultra-reliable HID ballasts. Universal’s HID Family

3. Magnetic HID Family: Primary Benefits Magnetic HID Ballasts Benefits: • Multiple standard input voltages: - Trip tap (120, 277, 347) - Quad tap (120, 208, 240, 277) - Multi-5 (120, 208, 240, 277, 480) - Single voltage and other inputvoltage combinations are possible • Color-coded leads for easier installation. • Simple installation instruction and troubleshooting tips included. • Adjustable mounting brackets for various mounting configurations. • Prewired capacitor (plus ignitor if needed) saves installation time and reduces wiring errors. Multi-5 Uni-Pak (Ballast/Lamp) Replacement Kit Benefits: • Five taps in one: 120, 208, 240, 277 and 480 volt. • Packages the right ballast and lamp to ensure system compatibility – all in an easy-to carry box. • Multi-5 ballast for the correct voltage every time (120, 208, 240, 277, 480). • Matched lamp to ensure system compatibility. • All mounting hardware and components in one easy to carry box.

4. HID Family: Primary Benefits Magnetic HID Benefits: • Trip tap (120, 277, 347), Quad tap (120, 208, 240, 277) and Multi-5 (120, 208, 240, 277, 480): • Color-coded leads for easier installation. • Simple installation instruction and troubleshooting tips included. • Adjustable mounting brackets for various mounting configurations. • Prewired capacitor (plus ignitor if needed) saves installation time and reduces wiring errors. • High Pressure Sodium Ballasts: These lamp systems provide maximum energy efficiency where color quality is not a primary concern. Available with constant wattage autotransformers and high reactance lag circuit types. Wattages from 35 – 1000. • Probe Start Metal Halide Ballasts: These lamp systems are an efficient lighting source with good color rendering. Universal’s HID ballasts are available for lamps from 175W to 1650W with constant wattage autotransformer circuit type. • Pulse Start Metal Halide Ballasts: These lamp systems provide high efficiency lighting source with good color rendering. Universal’s HID ballasts are available for lamps from 35W to 1000W with constant wattage autotransformers and high reactance lag circuit types. Metal Halide: Pulse Start provides these additional benefits over Probe Start: Better cold starting, improved color rendering, faster warm-up times, shorter re-strike times, cooler operation, and reduced color shift. Multi-5 Uni-Pak (Ballast/Lamp) Replacement Kit Benefits: • Five taps in one: 120, 208, 240, 277 and 480 volt. • Packages the right ballast and lamp to ensure system compatibility – all in an easy-to carry box. • Multi-5 ballast for the correct voltage every time (120, 208, 240, 277, 480). • Matched lamp to ensure system compatibility. • All mounting hardware and components in one easy to carry box.

5. HID Lamps. Three different types: • Mercury Vapor (MV) - Banned by DOE • High Pressure Sodium (HPS): • Ceramic arc tube is populated with mercury and sodium vapors. • Electric arc current in arc tube causes the vapors to generate a yellowish light. • Metal Halide (MH) Family of Lamps: • The family consist of • Probe start, or standard MH lamps • Pulse Start Metal Halide lamps (PSMH) • Ceramic metal halide lamps (CMH) • Arc tube is populated with mercury and metal halide salt gases. • Electric arc current in arc tube causes the salt atoms to generate UV and visible light. • Bulb wall filters out UV and allows visible light to pass through.

6. Metal Halide Lamps Probe Start and Pulse Start Arc Tube One of the key differences between the pulse start metal halide lamp and standard metal halide lamps is that the standard MH lamp has a starting electrode, also called a probe, as part of the arc tube. The purpose of the starting electrode is to initiate the electric arc in the arc tube. Removal of this starting electrode allows to build a lamp with better efficacy and other lighting characteristics. However in the absence of starting electrode in a pule start lamp, pulse start lamps require the ballast to have an ignitor, or starter. The purpose of ignitor is to initiate the electric arc in the arc tube. Standard Metal Halide Starting Electrode Pulse Start Metal Halide

7. Metal Halide LampsQuartz and Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps Many metal halide lamp wattages are available with quartz or ceramic arc tubes. • Quartz is the older technology that has typically been installed. • Probe-start and pulse-start MH lamps have the arc tube made from quartz • Ceramic metal halide lamps is relatively newer technology. Their arc tubes are made from ceramic material. • Ceramic arc tubes can operate at higher pressure, and that results in better color rendering. (Whiter whites!) • Ceramic lamps do not have a probe electrode, so they are essentially pulse start lamps that require an ignitor.

8. High Pressure Sodium Lamps High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps have a long cylindrical arc tube made from ceramic material. They are the most efficient type of HID lamp but since their yellowish color is not very good, HPS lamps may not be ideal for some applications. HPS lamps similar to PSMH lamps do not have an additional electrode to assist in lamp starting; therefore they also require the ballast to have an ignitor, or starter. Because of their yellowish color market share of HPS lamps is shrinking giving a way to metal halide lamps that have better color characteristics.

9. Important HID Lamp characteristics • Lamp Wattage • Characterizes lamp power in watts. The more watts the bigger and brighter is the lamp. The wattage range of commonly used HID lamps is 20 …2000 Watt. • Lamp Life • Expected lamp life in hours • Lamp Light Output • Amount of light produced by lamp in lumens. Lumen is a measure of light as perceived by a human eye. The higher is lamp wattage, the more lumens lamp produces • Lamp Lumen Maintenance • Is a chart that shows how lumen output of a lamp diminishes with the lamp age • Lamp Efficacy • This is a measure of how efficient the lamp is; that is how much light lamp produces per each watt of energy consumed • Lamp efficacy is measured in lumens per watt, and is an important characteristic of the energy efficiency of the lamp. We all want to have more for less; in that case - more lumens per watt • Lamp Color Rendering Index (CRI) • CRI is a measure of light quality: how close the artificial light is to the natural light in terms of color rendering. For natural light CRI=100. CRIof an artificial light source is always less that 100. The higher CRI is, the better light quality is.

10. HID Lamp Lumen Maintenance • With Magnetic HID ballasts ... • Over the life of an HID lamp, the light output drops off. • HPS drops off the least, followed by Pulse Start MH.

11. HID Lamp Performance: Efficacy vs. Light Quality

12. HID Warm-Up & Re-Strike HID lamps do not achieve their full light output immediately after starting. Rather, they require a period of time-1 to 15 minutes-to reach 90% of their full light output. This period is called the warm-up (or run-up) time. After a lamp has been on for a period of time and then extinguished, it cannot be immediately turned back on. Before the lamp can be turned back on, the arc tube must have a chance to cool down or the lamp will not restart. This period of time is called the restrike time. All HID lamps require time to warm up when initially turned on and have a re-strike delay time when they are inadvertently shut off during operation.

13. HID End-of-Life Unlike fluorescent lamps, HID lamps “fail” differently than just extinguishing. They also vary in end-of-life between lamp types. • High Pressure Sodium • Arc voltage rises to a point where ballast cannot sustain it and the lamp repeatedly cycles on and off. • Metal Halide • Long lamp life but lumen depreciation (reduced light output) dictates usable life.

14. HID Lamp ANSI Matrix Ballast specifications identify the HID lamps that are to be used by their ANSI lamp designations. This is to prevent compatibility problems in identifying lamp types of the same wattage that require different ballast types.

15. HID Magnetic Ballast Circuit Types Lag Ballasts: - Reactor - High Reactance Autotransformer (HX), a.k.a. “Auto-Lag” - Regulated Lag (Reg-Lag), or Magnetic Regulator (Mag-Reg) Peak Lead Ballasts: - Constant Wattage Autotransformer (CWA) - Constant Wattage Isolated Transformer (CWI) Note: Regulated Lag and CWI have very limited usage.

16. Reactors (Rx) Reactor ballasts have a single coil and are designed for a single input voltage. They are connected with an ignitor to the lamp and can also have a capacitor for power factor correction. Reactor ballasts perform poorly when the power line fluctuates (poor regulation). Advantages • Single Coil • Small Size • Good Efficiency • Lowest Cost Disadvantages • Poor Power Factor • Poor Regulation • Dip Tolerance 25% • Single Voltage • Available for Low Wattage MH & HPS 35-150 W and medium wattage PSMH

17. High Reactance (HX) High Reactance ballasts have two coils and are available with multiple taps for different input voltages. They are low power factor but can have a capacitor for power factor correction. Advantages • Can be used with any input voltage Disadvantages • Heavier, larger, and more expensive than reactor type • Higher losses than reactors Notes • Used for multi-tap, low wattage HID lamps • Performance the same as a reactor • Capacitor required for High Power Factor

18. Constant Wattage Autotransformer (CWA) CWA ballasts have two coils and are available with multiple taps for different input voltages. They are high power factor and provide good regulation with the power line. Advantages • Better power line regulation • High power factor • Better voltage dip tolerance Disadvantages • Higher cost • Weight • Not as efficient as reactors or electronic HID Notes • Most common ballast on wattages above 150W.

19. Magnetic Ballast Construction Types • Core and Coil • Most common type of HID ballast • Constructed with one or two coils and steel laminations • Available for CWA, High Reactance, and Reactors • A wide variety of input voltages are available • Ballast is installed in an enclosed fixture housing • Capacitor and starter supplied (If needed) • Encased and Potted (a.k.a. F-cans) • Primarily used for indoor down lighting applications where quiet operation is essential. • All of the components are enclosed in a fluorescent-style ballast can and are thermally protected. • Available for most lamp types up to 400W

20. Ballast Factor Unlike fluorescent ballasts, which are offered with a variety of ballast factors, HID ballasts have ballast factors of 1.00. • Lumens from the lamp are identified by the lamp manufacturer. • System lumens will take into account lamp lumens and fixture efficiencies. • Ballasts are not part of the system lumen equation. • Unique applications may have ballast factors less or more than 1.00, but these are not very common.

21. Core & Coil HID Ballast Temperature Codes UL Bench-top Temperature Rise Ratings • UL 1029 Standard requires that HID ballasts have assigned a temperature codes to identify how hot they run during operation. Ballast coils temperature rise is used as a measure of ballast temperature • Temperature codes are primarily used by the fixture manufacturers during their approval processes. • The temperature codes are designated by letters. “A” temperature code being the lowest ballast temperature; “J” temperature rating is the highest temperature

22. Capacitors The majority of HID ballasts use capacitors for lamp current control or power factor correction. These were once available only in metal cans, but many of them are now constructed with plastic housings and are referred to as “dry” capacitors. Capacitor Ratings: • Capacitors are rated in microfarads and volts. • Replacement capacitors must be the same microfarads and equal or higher volts than the capacitor being replaced. Why choose dry capacitors? • They are smaller in size. • The plastic case does not conduct electricity, nor does it require grounding. • They can operate at higher temperatures, up to 105° C.

23. Ignitors Many HID lamps require that ignitors (a.k.a. starters) are connected to the lamps to provide an ignition pulse to start the lamp. When ignitors are required, they are shipped along with the ballast. There are different types of ignitors that will provide additional benefits. • Standard Ignitor • Always comes with the ballast if the lamp requires an ignitor. • Auto Shutoff Ignitor • Excellent choice when the fixture is in a place that is difficult to maintain. • The ignitor will stop pulsing after a predetermined time to minimize wear on the ballast and the ignitor. • Long Distance • For use when the ballast is remote-mounted from the lamp. • Standard ignitors are limited from some applications by the distance that they can be mounted from the lamp. • Instant Restrike • For low wattage HPS applications when the need for instant re-strike is required.

24. Voltages Unlike magnetic fluorescent ballasts, many HID ballasts can operate on a variety of input voltages. These ballasts have separate voltage taps, and they require that the input voltage to be connected to the appropriate tap. This benefit allows contractors and distributors to stock fewer ballasts while meeting their requirements. • U.S. HID lighting voltages include 120, 208, 240, 277, and 480 volts. • Common ballast that meet these are: • 5-Tap: 120/208/240/277/480V – covers ALL voltages • Quad Tap: 120/208/240/277V • 480V w/ 120V tap for standby lighting • Canadian HID lighting voltages include 120, 277, and 347 volts. • Tri-Tap voltages meet these requirements: 120/277/347V

25. HID Family: Applications Target Segments • Commercial & Industrial Sites: • Distribution Centers, Warehouses, Factories, etc. • Convention Centers: • Large meeting space, loading warehouse, trade show floor spaces, etc. • Education: • Gymnasiums, parking, etc. • Government / Municipalities: • Large indoor or outdoor public places • Healthcare: • Parking structures for visitors/doctors, large lobby atriums, etc. • Parking Structures, Stations & Garages: • Garage, flood, pedestrian, pole, specialty indoor/outdoor, etc. • Retail: • Grocery stores, convenience stores, shopping center developers, furniture dealers, etc. • Sports Arenas: • Coliseums, Arenas, Stadiums, Athletic Fields, etc. HID ballasts are ideal for a broad range of applications. Target replacement HID ballasts with Facility Managers over multi-location facilities with parking. HID is commonly used for: Area lighting (e.g. parking) Roadways (e.g. underground roundabouts, tunnels, highways, etc.) Outdoor lighting Highbays Exterior lighting, outdoor wall packs High ceiling downlighting Large indoor areas with high ceilings.

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