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Introduction to Human Skeletal System

Introduction to Human Skeletal System. Dr. Hazem Abu Alhalaweh Orthopedic Resident 2 nd year Annajah national hospital. Components of Human Skeleton: Bones : weighs bearing , highly mineralized Cartilages: not mineralized with calcium salts Joints:

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Introduction to Human Skeletal System

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  1. Introduction to Human Skeletal System Dr. Hazem Abu Alhalaweh Orthopedic Resident 2nd year Annajah national hospital

  2. Components of Human Skeleton: • Bones: weighs bearing , highly mineralized • Cartilages: not mineralized with calcium salts • Joints: • Divisions of Human Skeleton: • Axial Skeleton: (Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage) • AppendicularSkeleton(Shoulder girdle, Skeleton of upper & lower limbs and Pelvic girdle

  3. Functions of human skeleton: • Support and shape • Protection • Movement • Mineral storage • Blood cell formation

  4. Bone Types of bone : • Long bone : metacarpals ,metatarsals , phalanges, radius , ulna ,tibia , fibula and femur • Short: carpals and tarsals • Flat : ribs , sternum and skull • Irregular :vertebrae • Sesamoid : patella

  5. Structure of vertebrae • Typical vertebrae consists of : • Vertebral body • Vertebral arch (pedicle and lamina ) • Seven processes (1 spinious ,2 transverse ,4 articular )

  6. Cervical vertebra • Small body • large triangle v.formen • Small or absent T.processess (C7) • Spinous process : c5-c7 short &bifid • C7 the longest S.Process • C1 (Atlas) : no body or T.process • C2(axis ) the strongest • Atlanto-occipital Joint • Atlanto-axial joint

  7. Thoracic vertebra • Heart shape body • V.foramen :circular & smaller then cervical • Long T.process and S.process • T1 to T10 have facets for articulation with ribs

  8. Lumber vertebra • Kidney shape body • Triangular V.foramen • Short Spinous process

  9. MCQ ?? • In an adult, the spinal cord ends at the level of : a. Lower border of L1b. lower border of L2c. L3d. L4 In newborn infant it terminates at the level of • L1 • L2-l3 • L4-l5

  10. Upper extremities • Shoulder • Arm • Forearm • hand

  11. clavicle • 1st bone to ossify and the last to fuse • No medullary bone • Medial 1/3 protects Brachial plexus ,subclavian and axillary vessels

  12. Scapula • Flat triangular bone links the upper extremities to axial skeleton • 2nd -7th rib .. S.P of T2 –T7

  13. Humerus • Largest bone in upper EX • Articulate with scapula via Glenohumeral joint and with radis & ulna at elbow joint • Capitulum :articulate with head of radius Trochlea :articulate with Trochlear notch of ulna

  14. Radius & Ulna • Ulna is the stabilizig bone Of forearm • Medial and longer • It’s proximal end had olecranon post And coronoid process ant • Doesn’t articulate with carpals • Radiuls : • Head of radius articulate with capitulum

  15. 1-Humerus • 2- Capitulum • 3- Olecronon • 4- OlecrononFossa • 5- Radial Head

  16. Lower extremities • Femur • Patella • Tibia and fibula • Tarsals • Metatarsals • phalanges

  17. femur

  18. Your turn ????

  19. Monteggia fracture

  20. Neck of femur fracture

  21. Shoulder dislocation

  22. Distal radius # (Smith) and ulnar styloid process f#

  23. Thank you

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