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20 th Century

20 th Century. The Age of Technology. Science and Medicine. Louis Pasteur – pasteurization of food, germ theory Joseph Lister – sterilization techniques during surgery greatly reduced post operative infections. Everyday life. Thomas Edison – incandescent lightbulb

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20 th Century

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  1. 20th Century The Age of Technology

  2. Science and Medicine • Louis Pasteur – pasteurization of food, germ theory • Joseph Lister – sterilization techniques during surgery greatly reduced post operative infections.

  3. Everyday life • Thomas Edison – incandescent lightbulb • Electricity – power plants • Alexander Graham Bell – telephone • Guglielmo Marconi – wireless telegraphy • Sir John Fleming – electron vacuum tube • Lee de Forest – amplification tube • Edison/Johannes Brahms - phonograph

  4. Everyday Life • Medical advancements – machines that will scan without making incisions, neonatal observations, cures to fatal diseases • Computers, satellite • Wrist watches, cell phones, video cameras and television • The “global village”

  5. Political Climate • Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto • German/French dispute over Rhineland • Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Russia had large professional armies with millions of civilian reserves • WWI – assassination of heir to Austro-Hungarian throne • Russian Revolution

  6. Political Climate • Warfare changed, using poison gas, heavy artillery, and air raids • Formation of the League of Nations • The Great Depression • Rise of Mussolini and Hitler • WWII – atomic bomb

  7. Claude Debussy • 1862-1918 • Parents enrolled him in Paris Conservatory • Pianist • When not receiving top honors at school, turned to composition

  8. Claude Debussy • “Wagner was…a beautiful sunset that was mistaken for a sunrise.” • Lush orchestration • Parallel chords • Extended ranges • Impressionist – Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_7loz-HWUM

  9. Impressionist Painting

  10. Impressionist Painting

  11. Maurice Ravel • 1875-1930 • Mother was of Basque heritage • Bolero • Daphnis and Chloe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK23BhEQVyU

  12. Erik Satie • 1866-1925 • Gymnopedies • Kicked out of school –had no special gifts • Military for short period of life • Influenced and associated with Debussy and Ravel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-Xm7s9eGxU

  13. Igor Stravinsky • 1882-1971 • Father leading bass at Imperial Opera St. Petersburg • 19 studied composition with Rimsky-Korsokov • Experienced both World Wars http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWotpIy0uTg

  14. Igor Stravinsky • Fascinated with Russian folklore • Russian Revolution of 1917 wiped out his families wealth • Firebird Suite • Rite of Spring • 1939 applied for U.S. citizenship – L.A.

  15. Igor Stravinsky • Four periods of career • Early Period – late romantic and national flavored music • Russian period – firebird, Petrushka, Rite • Neoclassical period – Soldier’s Tale, Symphony of Psalms • Serial period

  16. Arnold Schoenberg • 1874-1951 • Hungarian/Czech • Violin lessons- 8 • Lived on edge of poverty • No concert tickets – formed his own chamber ensemble

  17. Arnold Schoenberg • Late Romantic style • Second Viennese School of music • Equality for all notes – atonal • Taught Berg and Webern http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CFnJiElpks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Bq4EykKzEg

  18. Alban Berg • 1885-1935 • “Master of the smallest link” • Wozzeck • Violin Concerto • Student of Schoenberg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCa7QG2oVf0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSSHwFEn_8

  19. Anton Webern • 1883-1945 • Foremost student of atonality • Five Pieces for Orchestra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOnFKLvonQw

  20. Charles Ives • 1874-1954 • Insurance salesman • Could hear nine rhythms in his mind simultaneously • Composed with overlapping ideas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIFowc-9j3I

  21. Aaron Copland • 1900-1990 • First American composer to receive international acclaim • Simple Gifts • Rodeo, Appalachian Spring • Music for the masses • Movie scores • Olympics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ajQYANLiug http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dCRd-g6Qp8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEro8pG0hiE

  22. Jelly Roll Morton • 1890-1941 • Claims he created jazz music • First to write it down • Told grandmother he worked the night shift at “the docks” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8_2ISGOIjU

  23. George Gershwin • 1898-1937 • 11 parents bought second hand piano for older brother • George dropped out of school at 15 • Tin Pan Alley – pop music of the time • Rhapsody in Blue, Porgy and Bess, Embraceable You http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U40xBSz6Dc

  24. Leonard Bernstein • 1918-1990 • Tanglewood and Koussivetsky • Youngest conductor of N.Y. Philharmonic • Wrote for the stage • Popular and Art music combined http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20XqYgJsz9A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy6wo2wpT2k

  25. Edgard Varese • 1883-1965 • Philosopher of music • Did not like to write things down • “organized sound” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9mg4KHqRPw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7AIiTeKBUc

  26. Bela Bartok • 1881-1945 • Ethnomusicologist • Royal Academy of music • Travelled Hungary and collected authentic folk music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2E058Ep99Y

  27. Sergei Rachmaninoff • 1873-1943 • Parents aristocratic Russians • Pianist and conductor • Connects the Romantic Era and the 20th Century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-qwJoFQ3qo

  28. Benjamin Britten • 1913-1976 • English composer • Peter Pears • Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra • Many genres of music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHNgfF19CTY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piNH18JhDU4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HhTMJ2bek0

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