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20 th Century

20 th Century. Architecture (Part I). Late 19 th -Century. 1. Cast Iron: Paxton Eiffel 2. Sullivan and the skyscraper. Late 19 th -Century. Marked by new structural methods Utilitarian rather than ornamental

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20 th Century

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  1. 20th Century Architecture (Part I)

  2. Late 19th-Century • 1. Cast Iron: Paxton Eiffel • 2. Sullivan and the skyscraper

  3. Late 19th-Century • Marked by new structural methods • Utilitarian rather than ornamental • steel framework and often glass walls replace traditionally masonry designs

  4. Paxton, Crystal Palace (1851)

  5. Paxton, Crystal Palace (1851)

  6. Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889

  7. Louis Henry Sullivan • The Chicago School • “Form follows function”: The style was the result of the natural use of new materials and of the function of their buildings. • The birth of modern architecture

  8. Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler: Wainwright Building, St. Louis, 1890-91

  9. Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Department Store, Chicago, 1899-1904

  10. Burnham and Root: Reliance Building, Chicago, 1894

  11. Empire State Building, NY, 1929-31

  12. Modernism in Architecture • Modernist architecture emphasizes function. It attempts to provide for specific needs rather than imitate nature.

  13. Modernist • 1. Wright • 2. The Bauhaus • 3. Le Corbusier

  14. Frank Lloyd Wright • Organic and romantic

  15. William H. Winslow House, Illinois, 1893

  16. Frank Lloyd Wright. Robie House. Chicago, Illinois. 1909.

  17. Frank Lloyd Wright.Fallingwater, BearRun,PA

  18. Johnson Wax Building, Wisconsin, 1936-39, Inside

  19. Guggenheim Museum, NY, 1943-59

  20. The Bauhaus • Founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, through a fusion of Grand Ducal Academy of Art with the Arts and Crafts School • Advocated a close relationship between the function and formal design

  21. The Bauhaus • Endorsed the new synthetic materials of modern technology, a stark simplicity of design, and the standardization of parts for affordable, mass-produced merchandise, as well as for large-scale housing. (Fiero 837)

  22. The Bauhaus Building, Dessau, 1925-26

  23. Fagus Factory, Germany, 1911

  24. AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin, 1908-09

  25. Le Corbusier Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Characterized by poetic minimalism: “Less is more.” The International Style

  26. International Style • Emphasis on truth-telling: no decoration • Subscribed to idea that form follows function • Building seen as volume generated by interplay of planes and spaces • Planar flatness of walls: preference for stucco, which unfortunately cracks

  27. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) • mastered the use of glass in the steel-frame skyscraper, creating the face of the modern corporation • linear, rational, and (in theory) cheap • believed in an objective architecture based on the machine age; rejected ornaments, calling them “noodles”

  28. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New York, 1954-58

  29. Le Corbusier • A failed sociological architect but an inspired aesthetic one • Voisin Plan of 1925 would clear 600 acre L-shaped site on Right Bank • Get rid of history to make way for a “vertical city . . . bathed in light and air”

  30. Le Corbusier, Drawing for the Voisin Plan (1925)

  31. Plan Voisin for Paris, 1925, Le Corbusier, The vision of the zoned modernist city built with standardized industrial construction http://www.ecosensual.net/drm/ideas/future1.html

  32. Plan Voisin for Paris, 1925, Le Corbusier, Economically 'efficient', yet shown to be an urban disaster around the world. http://www.ecosensual.net/drm/ideas/future1.html

  33. Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, 1929-30

  34. Unité d’Habitation, Marseille, France, 1946-52 18 stories, containing flats for 1600 people

  35. Notre-Dame-du-Haut, Ronchamp, France, 1950-54

  36. Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, 1957

  37. Le Corbusier Center, Zurich, Switzerland, 1963

  38. The End

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