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A New Dual-type DMA for the Measurement of Nanoparticles from Engines

A New Dual-type DMA for the Measurement of Nanoparticles from Engines. Kazuo Takeuchi 1,2) , Junsuke Yabumoto 1,2) , Yoshiki Okada 1,2) 1) Wyckoff Co., Ltd., 2) RIKEN Akio Kibayashi 3) 3) Shimadzu Co. Terunao Kawai 4) and Yuichi Goto 4) 4) NTSEL.

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A New Dual-type DMA for the Measurement of Nanoparticles from Engines

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  1. A New Dual-type DMA for the Measurement of Nanoparticles from Engines Kazuo Takeuchi1,2), Junsuke Yabumoto1,2), Yoshiki Okada1,2) 1) Wyckoff Co., Ltd., 2) RIKEN Akio Kibayashi3) 3) Shimadzu Co. Terunao Kawai4) and Yuichi Goto4) 4) NTSEL 1. Measurement of Gas-borne Nanoparticles 2. Calibration of Size Measurement 3. Difficulties in Conventional DMAs 4. Dual-type DMA as a Solution 5. Experiment 6. Conclusion 8th ETH CONF. Zurich 8/16/04

  2. Measurement of Air-Borne Nanoparticles Nanoparticles: 1 nm < dp < 300 nm

  3. Qsh DMA Sheath gas Qae Qex Faraday Cup Qsa Electrometer Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) Electrical mobility of particles Size distribution of particles Dp: Particle diameter Cc: Cunningham correction factor m: Gas viscosity np: Number of elementary charges on a particle Size-selected particles V Size-selection of nanoparticles using DMA

  4. Number density Diameter (nm) Problem for Conventional DMAs in Automobile Exhaust Measurement Typically, conventional DMAs need to scan the voltage for 2 minutes Cannot cope with the quick transient behaviors in automobile exhaust Typical particle size distribution of nanoparticles in engine exhaust • dual-type DMA with both • scanning measurement mode and • transient measurement mode DMA with a multi-channel detector Image reproduced from D.B. Kittelson and W. Watts, Third Joint ESF-NSF Symposium Abs., Dublin, Sept. 6 (2000).

  5. Dual-type DMA of Wyckoff HV Cover Sheath gas inlet #1 Mobility analyzer #1 Central electrode Aerosol gas inlet Aerosol gas inlet Common electrode Sheath gas inlet #2 Mobility analyzer #2 LV Housing FC2 PA2 Excess gas outlet #1 Excess gas outlet #2 Base reservoir FC1 PA1 Vacuum pump

  6. Features of the Dual-type DMA (DDMA) • The DDMA can be operated both in scanning measurement mode and in transient measurement mode. • In transient measurement mode, voltages are fixed at the peak values of the nuclei mode and the accumulation mode. • Particle number density can be obtained by assuming that the shape of the size distribution is unchanged. • DDMA can be operated with intentionally reduced resolution.

  7. Generation of model nanoparticles with bimodal size distribution

  8. 7.0E+06 6.0E+06 5.0E+06 4.0E+06 PNC [#/cc] 3.0E+06 2.0E+06 1.0E+06 0.0E+00 1 10 100 1000 dp (nm) 非定常排気微粒子数濃度計測結果 DMA1 Model nanoparticles corresponding to nuclei mode DMA2 Model nanoparticles corresponding to accumulation mode Number density (#/cc) Scanning Mode Measurement of Model Nanoparticles

  9. Transient Mode Measurement of Model Nanoparticles

  10. Measurement of nanoparticles from a Automobile Engine

  11. Concluding Remarks • We have introduced the dual-type DMA (DDMA) of Wyckoff. • The DDMA is simple and robust, and would be easy to use as a standard apparatus for the measurement of nanoparticles in automobile exhaust. • At the completion of this project, Shimadzu Co. will commercialize the DDMA and will be capable of large-scale production. Acknowledgement: We would like to thank JRTT for financial support. We would also like to thank Dr. Montajir and the scientists and technicians of NTSEL, Wyckoff, RIKEN and Shimadzu for their technical support and advice.

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