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Chapter 3 Section I

Chapter 3 Section I. The Ottomans and Safavid Empire. Ottoman Empire. Mongol Conquest of 1200’s tore apart Seljuk Turk Empire in Anatolia Late 1200’s Turkish bands formed together Ottomans. Growth of the Empire. Anatolia Location Bordered by the Byzantine Empire to the West

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Chapter 3 Section I

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  1. Chapter 3 Section I The Ottomans and Safavid Empire

  2. Ottoman Empire • Mongol Conquest of 1200’s tore apart Seljuk Turk Empire in Anatolia • Late 1200’s Turkish bands formed together • Ottomans

  3. Growth of the Empire • Anatolia Location • Bordered by the Byzantine Empire to the West • Muslim Empires to East • Black Sea and Russia to the North • Turks of Anatolia primarily Muslim • Nomadic people with a militaristic society • Ghaziz- Warriors of Islam Faith

  4. Growth of the Empire • Osman I • By 1300 built strong state in Anatolia • Westerners labeled this state as the Ottomans • By mid 1300’s controlled most of Anatolia • Orhan I • 2nd ruler and declared himself sultan • Sultan: Arabic for ruler • Attacked the Byzantine Empire

  5. Growth of Empire • 1361 Ottomans took Adrianople • Renamed the city Edirne and made it the capital • By 1400 controlled most of Balkan Peninsula

  6. Success of Empire • As the empire grew, rulers enslaved Christian boys • Converted them to Islam • Trained as Janissaries • High trained soldiers that were the elite guards of the Ottoman Empire • Loyal only to the Sultan • Adopted gunpowder and cannons

  7. Invasion and Decline • Central Asia Conqueror Timur • Known as Timur the Lame • Battle of Ankara 1402 • Destroyed the Ottoman army • Civil war erupts

  8. Fall of Constantinople • Mid 1400’s Expansion and growth under Mehmet II • Mehmet II goal: Conquer Constantinople • Capital of the Byzantine Empire • Failed on first attempt • Did conquer the land and around Constantinople and the Bosporus Strait • Bosporus Strait: Major Trade Route to Asia from Europe

  9. Fall of Constantinople • 1453 Mehmet II attacked from land and sea • 2 month assault with cannons • Constantinople falls to Ottomans • Was Eastern center of Christianity • Now converted to Islam; named Istanbul • Mehmet allowed soldiers 3 days of pillage • Rob the city with violence • Residents were killed or enslaved • Hagia Sophia (Orthodox Cathedral) converted to a Mosque

  10. Height of the Empire • Under next 3 Sultans expansion continued • Controlled the rest of Anatolia • 1514 crushed the Persian army known as the Safavid Empire at the Battle of Chaldrin • Ottomans swept through Syria, Egypt, and North Africa • Conquered Mecca and Medina • Two holy cities of the Islamic faith

  11. Height of the Empire • Ottomans peaked under Suleyman I • Known as Suleyman the Magnificent • Conquered Hungary to Vienna • Gained control of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa • Reformed tax systems and overhauled the government bureaucracy • Improved court system, legal code, and reduced corruption • Earned the title “law giver”

  12. Society and Culture • Sultan ruled all. Made all decisions and laws • Did have advisors that were considered slaves • Two classes • Privileged ruling class • Everyone else • 2nd class • Consisted of many cultures, languages, and religions • Non-Muslims paid heavy tax, but were not drafter to military • Muslims paid no tax, but was drafted

  13. Society and Culture • Following Islamic law Ottomans allowed religious freedom • People of the Book to Muslims • Christians and Jews • Formed millets (religious communities) • Each millet followed own religion laws and chose its own leader • Leader was responsible to the Sultan

  14. Ottomans Decline • Declined after Suleyman I reign • Until 1600’s new Sultans killed brothers to eliminate rivals for position • Princes and heirs were locked in places until time to rule • When released no experience

  15. Safavid Empire • Persian Muslims • Began building an empire in late 1500’s east of the Ottomans • Conflict with ottomans • Due to the split of the Islamic faith • Islamic faith split into two sects. • Sunni Sect • Shia Sect • Safavid’s were Shia, Most other Muslims were Sunni

  16. Growth of Empire • 14 year old Esma’il founded the empire in 1501 • Father died fighting Sunni’s • Gained control over present day Iran and part of Iraq • Took title Shah- Persian title for King • Esma’il made Shiism the official religion of the empire • Concerned empire because most were Sunni’s

  17. Growth of Empire • Esma’il goal: Make ALL Sunnis convert to Shiism • Significant defeat the Ottomans in 1514 • Esma’il died in 1524, empire struggles • 1588 ‘Abbas becomes Shah • Reformed government • Strengthened military, acquired gunpowder • Enslaved youth from Russia

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