Civil Rights: Impacts  U.S. & North Carolina

1. Civil Rights:Impacts U.S. & North Carolina

2. Warm-Up • THINK and WRITE • Think of a time where either you, someone you know, or have seen a stranger being treated unfairly due to their race, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, or for another reason. • How did this make you feel? • Did you do anything to help the victim being harassed? If so, how?

3. Gender Equality • DID YOU KNOW: On average, if we were to compare a woman and a man’s salary who had the exact same education/degree working the same job, that particular woman would typically earn only 8/10 of that man’s salary (women make .80 cents per every $1 men make) • When and how did women gain voting rights? • 19th amendment, ratified in 1920  women’s suffrage

4. Women’s Struggle for Equality • When women were granted the right to vote by the 19th Amendment in 1920, they weren’t suddenly elevated to a level playing field with men. Inequality and discrimination continued, particularly in the workplace. After Brown, the women’s movement turned to the 14th Amendment in its fight for equal rights. The Supreme Court case Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. in 2006 brought into focus the wage gap – the statistical 80 cents on each dollar that women are paid now compared to men. Although the Supreme Court ruled against Lilly Ledbetter (based on its interpretation of the statue of limitations to file a lawsuit), Congress later passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, giving women more leeway to fight discriminatory pay. 

5. Women Standing Up for Rights • Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Fought for women’s voting rights in the late 1800s and early 1900s • Leading women’s rights activists • In recognition of Susan B. Anthony’s dedication and hard work, the U.S. Treasury Department put Anthony's portrait on dollar coins in 1979, making her the first woman to be so honored.

6. Women Standing Up for Rights • Rosa Parks • On Dec. 1, 1955, Parks was arrested after she refused to obey a bus driver and give her seat to a white passengerin Montgomery, Ala. Her act of defiance, and the 381-day bus boycott that followed, soon became keystones of the modern civil rights movement. In 1999 Congress honored her as "the first lady of civil rights.“

7. Racial Equality • Define Vocabulary words: N.C .TEXTBOOK, page 512 • Segregation: • Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka: • Rosa Parks: • MLK Jr.: • Civil Rights Act of 1964: • Pearsall Plan: • Busing: • Integrate: • Racism: • Discrimination:

8. Racial Equality • Civil Rights Movement marches on • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o54n7HXwOhc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFKx6HJLC7U • Which amendment protects American citizens’ rights to peacefully assemble?

9. Racial Equality • Which amendment protects American citizens’ rights to peacefully assemble? • The 1st amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on freedom of press, interfering with the right to peacefully assemble….

10. Racial Equality • Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka • Led by Thurgood Marshall, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) attorneys worked to convince the Supreme Court justices that the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson ruling of “separate but equal” should be overturned • Supreme Court ruling that separate public schools for African Americans and Whites is unconstitutional • How has the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka ruling directly impacted you?

11. Racial Equality • Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka • THINK and WRITE: • What is happening in these pictures? • Why are these pictures/moments significant?

12. Racial Equality • Montgomery bus boycott http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHFPH79Iaoo • 6 months after the Brown decision, civil rights activists won again • In 1955, a woman named Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a White rider • News of this event spread like wild fire • African-American leaders called on their followers to boycott the city’s buses

13. Racial Equality • Montgomery bus boycott • The boycott lasted for 13 months • Boycotters, included some Whites, organized car pools, rode bikes, or walked to their jobs and school • The violent reaction of Whites to the non-violent boycott gained attention of the national media • The Montgomery bus segregation law was challenged in court and was ruled unconstitutional in 1956; African-Americans ended the boycott, and once again boarded the buses in Montgomery • This time, they sat wherever they pleased

14. Racial Equality • Sit-ins • A protest in which people sit in a place and refuse to move until their demands are met • Common targets of sit-ins were segregated lunch counters • One of the more famous sit-ins occurred in 1960 at a lunch counter in a store in Greensboro, North Carolina • Sit-ins were effective • They forced many stores to desegregate their lunch counters

15. Sit-in in Greensboro, NC

16. Warm-Up Day 2 • What are rights? What is the difference between civil rights and humans rights? • What rights do you have? What rights do you wish you had that you currently do not have? • How might your rights differ from the rights your grandparents had at your age?

17. Racial Equality • March on Washington: • On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people took part in this demonstration • MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech took place here • “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh6wPrLzvqA • Civil Rights Act of 1964: • This law banned segregation in public places, such as hotels, restaurants, and theaters • Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to prevent job discrimination • Finally, segregation was officially illegal throughout the U.S.

18. Pearsall Plan • North Carolina was slow to integrate • In 1955, even after the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case, integration within North Carolina schools was delayed • The N.C. General Assembly passed a resolution against the Supreme Court’s decision • The resolution claimed that school integration would never work in the state

19. Pearsall Plan • Thomas J. Pearsall drafted an amendment to North Carolina’s constitution • Allowed local schools to close rather than to integrate • Plan permitted state legislature to give money to parents who preferred to have their children attend private schools • Although the Pearsall Plan was ratified, it was never put into practice but did help quiet the outcry in N.C. against the Supreme Court’s decision

20. Pearsall Plan

21. North Carolina Schools Integrate • Finally, in 1957, the slow process of integration began in North Carolina • Why was North Carolina so resistant to integrating schools?

22. Busing in Charlotte • In 1969, Judge James B. McMillan ordered the Charlotte school system in Mecklenburg County (sound familiar??) to integrate, even if it meant busing students from one school district to another • Busing students to different schools became a powerful tool for integration in North Carolina as well as in other states throughout the country • http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/booming/desegregation-and-the-public-schools.html?_r=0

23. Same SexMarriage • Same sexmarriage is a controversial civil rights topic in the United States • More and more states have passed laws that have legalized same sex marriage • As of April 2014, 17 of 50 states in the U.S. have legalized same sex marriage • North Carolina’s current standing on same sex marriage is.. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/entry/c/north-carolina • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3z78DbLLOCs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jrngYNGNeE • THINK and WRITE: • Considering the two advertisementsthat we just watched, how did the ads differ from one another? What message was being sent in each ad? • Did the ads sway your opinion on whether or not same sex marriage should be legalized in the U.S.?

24. Same Sex Marriage

25. Disabilities • Physically challenged Americans have also demanded equal opportunities • In the 1970s, Congress declared that people cannot be denied jobs for which they are qualified just because they are physically challenged • Physically challenged people must be given equal educational opportunities, and public buildings must be accessible to physically challenged people • Wheelchair ramps • Braille numbers of elevator buttons

26. Immigration • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMaKzQBtJyk • What is immigration? • What is YOUR opinion on immigration in the United States today? Things to think/wonder about before answering: • Weren’t all of our ancestors immigrants? • Immigration can increase diversity • Immigration could challenge our societal ways and our economy

27. Immigration • Some immigration controversies have been in the mainstream/national media recently • THINK: Where have the majority of news reports and even some new TV shows been based on due to illegal immigrants? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8lLU7XjcWc • How does illegal immigration affect U.S. citizens? • What has the state of Arizona done in an attempt to regulate immigration that is regarded as highly controversial? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z922cwqjaU

28. Writing Prompt: What do you think? • What are the civil rights issues of today? • What can the federal government do to better protect the rights of women? • Should the federal government be involved in protecting the rights of gay citizens? • Should the Americans with Disabilities Act be broadened further? • Should illegal immigrants receive equal protection of our laws?

29. Warm-Up Day 3 • How does your race affect your life?

30. White Privilege • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHJN-0zAXK8 • What is your opinion of this video? Do you believe that there is such a thing as White privilege? Why or why not?