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Immune System

Immune System. Nick Peretti Ben Weinberg Christian Griffith. Infections. An infection is the invasion of a host organism's tissue by the disease causing organism. Caused by a varying range of microorganisms including... Bacteria Fungi Viruses

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Immune System

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  1. Immune System Nick Peretti Ben Weinberg Christian Griffith

  2. Infections • An infection is the invasion of a host organism's tissue by the disease causing organism. • Caused by a varying range of microorganisms including... • Bacteria • Fungi • Viruses http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bacteria&view=detail&id=58BFD32F6C60EBD230E108359F41B96EFCDF7720

  3. First Line of Defense: Barriers at Body Surfaces • Intact skin and mucous membranes at other body surface (Starr/Targgart 690) • Infection-fighting chemicals (such as lysozyme in tears and saliva) • Helpful bacteria on the skin that compete with pathogens • Flushing effect of tears, saliva, urination, and diarrhea • Fun Tidbit #1 • Your digestive tract is technically the outside of your body and this means that it is also part of the first line of defense. http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=immune+system+barrier+defenses&view=detail&id=25706090129AA557357590173BD65AF43EACA8E5

  4. Second Line of Defense: Nonspecific response/inflammation • Occurs when barriers are penetrated like getting a splinter(Tamarkin, 5) • Mast cells identify foreign pathogens and trigger histamines that enlarge blood vessels which inflames the area. This is known as acute inflammation. • the inflamed area is bombarded with white blood cells, such as macrophages, which attack pathogens. • Fun titbit #2 • An allergic reaction is the triggering of the inflammatory response when something non-dangerous, such as dust or pollen, enters the body and is interpreted by the immune system as a pathogen. http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=inflammation+diagram&view=detail&id=393E4543310AB0B0493D5B8270DC802D677E1C94

  5. Third Line line of Defense: Specific Immune Response • Mechanism activated by the presence of pathogens and foreign substances • Non-self antigens are the foreign substances that stimulate an immune response • Production of antibodies (specific proteins) is triggered by the presence of non-self antigens • Antibodies are secreted by specific lymphocytes (T and B cells) • Antibody combines with antigen and forms an antigen-antibody complex(Starr/Tagart 34) • Fun tidbit #3 • Autoimmune diseases are diseases were the immune system interprets self antigens as pathogens.

  6. Antibodies Antibodies are proteins in a y shape that lock onto non self antigens(pathogens) in order to neutralize them or tag them so other cells can attack them (Starr/Taggart 691)

  7. Fast Acting White Blood Cells • Neutrophils- ingest, kill and digest bacteria • Eosinophils- secrete enzymes that kill parasites • Basophils- secrete histamine that keeps swelling going http://www.bing.com/images/search?q= Neutrophils&view=detail&id=7EB8AA45 1B0314A04EAB2F4EDD7608175344058F http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Eosinphils&view=detail&id=3FFEA86938A27EBF57323DEE96EA4CD9A06EAEBD&first=1 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Basophils&view=detail&id=17F9D7993F1EC38AD02CB30167DFD6D84BDDF565

  8. Macrophages • Huge killer white blood cells that engulf and digest any foreign substance (Starr/Taggart 706)

  9. Active vs Passive immunity • Passive immunity: When you get an injection of antibodies and is short term. • Active immunity: When you get a disease from a live pathogen and have a specific immune response to build immunity. • Fun tidbit #4: A pregnant woman's child will get passive immunity from the mom via the bloodstream.

  10. Vaccines: Active immunity • The injection of week pathogens triggers a specific immune response to an antigen. This creates effector and memory cells that "patrol" the body for the specific antigen • Often times you get a "booster" for a second response that will create even more effector and memory cells that can last for decades.

  11. Reference Slide • Starr, and Taggart. Immunity. 9th edition ed. Pacific Grove: Jack C. Carey, n.d. Print. • WestOne Services. "Internal Defences." The Future Of Humans. WestOne Services, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. <http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/ human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/004_internal_defence/index.htm>. • Tamarkin, Dawn A. "White Blood Cells." White Blood Cells. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. Image 1: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bacteria&view=detail&id=58BFD32F6C60EBD230E108359F41B96EFCDF7720 Image 2: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=immune+system+barrier+defenses&view=detail&id=25706090129AA557357590173BD65AF43EACA8E5 Image 3: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=inflammation+diagram&view=detail&id=393E4543310AB0B0493D5B8270DC802D677E1C94 Image 4: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q= Neutrophils&view=detail&id=7EB8AA45 1B0314A04EAB2F4EDD7608175344058F Image 5: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q= Neutrophils&view=detail&id=7EB8AA45 1B0314A04EAB2F4EDD7608175344058F Image 6: ttp://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Basophils&view=detail&id=17F9D7993F1EC38AD02CB30167DFD6D84BDDF565

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