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Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation. World History. CH17. Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance. What is the Renaissance?. A transition from Medieval to Early Modern times 1300-1600 A “Re-birth” of Art & Learning Began in Italy, Spread throughout Europe.

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Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation World History

  2. CH17 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

  3. What is the Renaissance? • A transition from Medieval to EarlyModern times 1300-1600 • A “Re-birth”of Art & Learning • Began in Italy, Spread throughout Europe

  4. The Renaissance Began In… • Florence, Italy

  5. Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy? • 3 Advantages: • 1. Thriving City-States • 2. A wealthy merchant class • 3. The classical heritage of Greece and Rome

  6. Why Italy?-I. Thriving City States: • Geographygave Italian city states: • Location + access to overseas trade = commercial advantage • Trade rich cities became powerful city states

  7. Why Italy? I. Thriving City States: • 5 Important City States in Italy • 1. Milan • 2. Papal States • 3. Kingdom of Naples • 4. Venice • 5. Florence

  8. Why Italy? 2. A Wealthy Merchant Class • Wealthy merchant class emerged • Affluent high middle class • Dominated politics • Did not inherit social rank • Considered “new money”

  9. Why Italy? 2. A Wealthy Merchant Class • Cosimo de Medici gained control of Florence in 1434 • Ruled Florence for 30 years • Despot – ruled with absolute power • Medici family also known as the “Merchant Princes”

  10. Medici Family Background • Were Merchants/Bankers • Gained wealth Through: • 1. Manufacture & commerce of textiles • 2. Banking • Became the Official Bankers of Catholic Church

  11. How did the de Medici Family Gain/Maintain Power? • Amicidegliamici (friends of friends) People befriended de Medici’s friends in order to gain status/ belong to “in crowd” • Enemies of the de Medici: usedintimidation tactic BruttaFigura • Public humiliation against enemies

  12. Cosimo de Medici, a Patron of the Art • Cosimo de’ Medici Sponsored artists to produce great works of art • To beautify city • For personal collection • Medici LibraryFillipoBrunnelleschi (architect)

  13. Cosimo’s Grandson Lorenzo “the Magnificent” (r. 1469) • Promoted family’s power with patronage of the arts • Paid artists to beautify city • Medici “godfathers of the Renaissance”

  14. Cosimo’s Grandson Lorenzo “the Magnificent” (r. 1469) • Medici family had enemies • Lorenzo Survived assassination attempt in 1478 – In CHURCH!! • His brother died • Conspirators were punished by death • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjfZH-OYhRo

  15. Florence, Italy: Medici Sights (2017) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H-pDhiB9yo • What did art represent to the Medici family? • Why are members of the Medici family considered patrons of the arts?

  16. Why Italy? 3. Classical Heritage of Greece and Rome • Renaissance scholars admired ancient Greek and Roman: • Art • Philosophy/Thought • Architecture • Laws • History

  17. Renaissance Literature Ch17.1

  18. The Book of the Courtier (1528) • By: Baldassare Castiglione • A social “handbook” • Depicted social “do’s & dont’s ” for nobles

  19. Castiglione’s Ideal “Renaissance Man” Must… • 1. Possess • Impeccable character, grace, & be of noble birth • 2.Cultivate achievements – • Do not hide accomplishments, but be modest • 3. Have a well rounded Education • 4.Serve Ruler/Government w/ loyalty, honesty

  20. Castiglione’s Ideal “Renaissance Woman” Must… • 1. Be attractive • 2. Be well educated, able to paint, dance, and play a musical instrument • 3. Not participate in political, artistic, or literary affairs (discussions) • 4. Be an “ornament” to her upper class husband • Portrait of a Lady, 1475

  21. Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 • What does this painting tell us about marriage, wealth, and social status?

  22. Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 • Artist: Pierodella Francesca • Federico daMontefeltro & his 2nd wife, Battista • Marriage: he was 35, she 13!!! • Had 7 daughters • She died at 26 at the birth of 7th child.

  23. ABOUT the Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 • http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/piero-della-francesca-portraits-of-the-duke-and-duchess-of-urbino.html

  24. Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) “Father of Humanism” Italian Renaissance Humanist, Scholar, poet, credited with the re-discovery of classical works

  25. Petrarch’s Poems to Laura • “Ashamed sometimes that your beauty, lady, is still silent in my verses, I recall that time when I first saw it, such that nothing else could ever please me.” • “I have offered you my heart a thousand times -O my sweet warrior, only to make peace with your lovely eyes: but it does not please you with your noble mind, to stoop so low.”

  26. Petrarch’s Obsession with Laura • He wrote her poems for 20 years!!! • More than 300 Italian sonnets!! • She was married and wanted nothing to do with him

  27. Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince (1517) • Political Guidebook on how to gain and maintain power • Dedicated to Lorenzo the Magnificent’s grandson

  28. Niccolo Machiavelli on Maintaining Power -The Prince • Machiavelli’s advice to those in power: • “If you cannot be both loved and feared, then it is better to be feared than loved. “

  29. RENAISSANCE THOUGHT CH17.1

  30. An Ideal “Renaissance Man” Is.. • 1. Well educated (studiahumanitas) • 2. Self- Confident Individual • 3. Inspired by the “Classics” (ancient Greek & Roman World) • 4. Religious, but sees beauty in the secular (non-religious)

  31. What is Humanism? • An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements • A personal attitude towards life & learning

  32. Features of Humanism • 1. An Interest in Classical Antiquity • Ancient Greece & Rome • 2. Individualism • Celebration of the individual • individual achievement

  33. Features of Humanism • 3. Secular- • concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters • 4. Interest in the Humanities • History, literature, philosophy, the arts • Well rounded education

  34. RENAISSANCE ART CH17.1

  35. Describe the Differences… • Medieval Art • Renaissance Art

  36. What are the Characteristics of Renaissance Art? • 1. Realistic Figures, 3-D • 2. Has Depth & Perspective • 3. Emotion & Expression • 4. Geometrical / mathematical concepts/ Pyramid configuration • 5. Artists gained recognition & fame

  37. Renaissance Art… • 1. Communicated social, political & spiritual values • 2. Was inspired by Humanism • 3. Inspired Patrons of Art to • Used art to display wealth, power • Fund artists

  38. Renaissance Artists • 1. Were inspired by Humanism • 2. Tried to depict beauty, truth, nature and goodness • 3. Used mathematical principles (proportions created by God) to depict perfection

  39. High Renaissance Art • Flourished between 1490-1530 • 3 Artistic Giants: • 1.Leonardo da Vinci • 2.Raphael • 3. Michelangelo

  40. Renaissance Art and Math • Golden Ratio Fibonacci Sequence, Mathew Cross, TED 2013 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tAZe6pP-FM

  41. 1. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) • “Renaissance Man” L’uomoUniversale • Believed painting was “the highest form of science” • 1. Artist/Sculptor • 2. Scientist/Mathematician • 3. Engineer/Architect • 4. Inventor • 5. Anatomist

  42. Leonardo da Vinci, Inventor

  43. Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man of MathJames Earle TED-ED, 2013 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMsaFP3kgqQ • Q: What do you think this sketch represents? • Q: After watching the video, what are your thoughts regarding The Vitruvian Man?

  44. Image Analysis Worksheet • In a group… • Choose 1 Italian Renaissance artist/painting from the list provided • Look up the image in your ipad/device • Collaborate, Discuss your findings and Complete the Image Analysis Worksheet

  45. Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, painted 1503-1506

  46. About the Mona Lisa, Khan Academy 2012 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kQ_p2EZX4Q

  47. Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper

  48. 2. Raphael (1483-1520) • School of Athens (1510)  • Imaginary gathering of ancient philosophers • Plato & Aristotle at center • Painted his contemporaries as philosophical figures • Balance, harmony, order, unity, symmetry

  49. 2. Raphael School of Athens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOrG6jfBzEU

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