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Integrated Coastal Management in the Baltic Sea

Integrated Coastal Management in the Baltic Sea. A framework for better management of environment and resources Olof Linden World Maritime University. ICM Concept and Framework. Characteristics of Coastal Zone Concept of Integrated Coastal Management

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Integrated Coastal Management in the Baltic Sea

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  1. Integrated Coastal Management in the Baltic Sea A framework for better management of environment and resources Olof Linden World Maritime University

  2. ICM Concept and Framework • Characteristics of Coastal Zone • Concept of Integrated Coastal Management • Framework of ICM Program Development and Implementation in the Baltic Sea

  3. Inter-related ecosystems of river, watershed, estuaries & coastal seas hence, what we do in inland areas are relevant also in the coast and sea.

  4. Human Activities Shipping Port development Fishing Aquaculture Oil and gas exploration Wind power Tourism Recreation Coastal Environment Physical Env. Geomorphology Current Climate Hydrology Geochemistry Land filling, dredging Cables Urban development Waste disposal Protection/ Conservation Research Monitoring Biological Env. Biological Production Site of reproduction Living Resources Biodiversity

  5. Characteristics of Coastal Zone • Physically Dynamic • Ecologically Productive • Natural Defense • Socio-economic Center of Activities • Base for Offshore Activities • Area of Multiple-use Conflicts • Area of Management Complexities

  6. Management of Coastal Zone involves • Multiple ecological, socio-economic and political linkages • Multiple problems • Multiple desired (often conflicting) uses of coastal resources • Multiple constituencies • Multiple institutions

  7. Integrated Coastal Management“Framework to achieve the Sustainable Development of Coastal Resources” • Agenda 21 • Convention on Climate Change • Convention on Biological Diversity • Global Programme of Action for the Protection of Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (UNEP) • WSSD Plan of Implementation • Millennium Development Goals • EU Water Framework Directive • EU Marine Strategy

  8. Goal of ICM • To achieve sustainable development of coastal and marine areas, taking into account: • Environmental integrity, • Economic efficiency, • Social equity

  9. “Integration” in ICM has many meanings • Among different sectors and different government agencies (fisheries, tourism, port development, shipping, environment protection etc.) • Among different levels of governments (national, provincial, local) • Between different countries to solve transboundary issues • Between land and the sea • Between policy, economy and science • Among different disciplines of science • Between present and future generations

  10. ICM: a management system of natural resources and environment in the coastal area, which employs integrated, holistic and interactive approaches

  11. ICM in Practice • Many countries • Mostly at local scales, a few national • Only on Regional case: Southeast Asia (PEMSEA) Let’s look at the PEMSEA Project Cycle:

  12. 1. Preparing Project Management mechanism Human and financial arrangement Stakeholders consultation Training of Core Staff 2. Initiating Environmental Profiling Issues identification and prioritization Initial Env. Risk Assessemnt Stakeholders consensus building Public awareness Integrated information management system 6. Refining and Consolidating Institutional Set-up Program monitoring/evaluation Public and stakeholders consultation Revised strategies / Action Plans 5 Implementing Coordinating and program management mechanisms Env. Monitoring Programs Action Plans Public participation 3. Developing Data gathering Refined Risk Assessment Strategic Env. Management Plan (SEMP) Issues specific / Area specific Action Plans Institutional arrangements Financial investment options Environment monitoring Stakeholders participation 4. Adopting Organizational and legal mechanisms SEMP and action plans Funding mechanisms Stakeholders participation

  13. Initiating Stage: How to initiate ICM activities in the Baltic? • Identify priority concerns, issues, values of the coastal resources and environment (On-going) - Environmental Profile, Initial Risk Assessment - Stakeholders Consultation/Public Awareness • Consolidate the long-term vision and mission of coastal stakeholders (To be initiated) - Coastal Strategy - Stakeholders Consultation/Public Awareness

  14. Coastal Strategy: Objectives • Provide stakeholders with a common vision and framework of action in developing and managing their shared coastal area for long-term time span Elements of a Coastal Strategy: Value of coast, Threats and impacts, Long-term vision, Mission Statement, Goal, Strategies, Principles, Action Plan, Institutional mechanism

  15. Why a Coastal Strategy at the Initial Stage? • As a framework to achieve common recognition on value, problems and long-term vision of the area • As a means to hold the interest of stakeholders from the initiation through the formulation of issue/site specific action plans • As a structured way of communicating with stakeholders (informing them as well as learning from them)

  16. How to build consensus among stakeholders? (PEMSEA) • Relying on the Diverse Knowledge and Experiences of various stakeholders • Strengthening the Ownership of stakeholders • Maintaining Transparency of policy development process • Promoting Knowledge Sharing and Informed Decision-Making • Practicing Trade-offs among different sectors • Promoting Area-wide Common Interest, not sectoral interest • Creating ‘Win-Win’ Situation by having a common vision

  17. Gaining Political Support and Commitment(PEMSEA) • Stakeholders Declaration and Signing Ceremony • Promoting political support for the adoption of coastal strategy • Ensuring stakeholders commitment for the implementation of coastal strategy • Official Approval Process • Approval by concerned authority at national and sub-national levels • Public Awareness • Translate coastal strategy into public-friendly document and raise awareness of community members

  18. Impacts of a Baltic Coastal Strategy • Promoting perception change of stakeholders from single-sector oriented view to area-wide view • Creating a platform for partnership and stakeholders participation to address cross-sectoral, cross-boundary issues • Providing a policy framework for achieving sustainable coastal development • Integrating the implementation of international and regional (EU)instruments related to environment and natural resources • Promoting opportunity for environmentally sustainable investments and creation of job opportunities

  19. Developing Stage: What are the critical elements to institutionalize ICM mechanism? • Coastal Problems Recognized by Important Stakeholders: - Environmental Profile, RA, Coastal Strategy • Policy Proposals available for Alternative Management Coastal Strategy: - Coastal Strategy Implementation Plan, Issue/site specific Action Plans • Favorable Political Environment: • Public Awareness, Stakeholders Consultation, Building Constituency

  20. Adopting Stage: How to facilitate the adoption of a Coastal Strategy and Action Plans? • Adoption is an intensive political process which requires strong support from key stakeholders • Thus, the success of adopting stage depends on : • the effectiveness of stakeholders consultation from initiating to developing stages, through the formulation of Coastal Strategy • the appropriate timing of providing ICM policy proposal such as Coastal Strategy and Action Plans under favorable Political Environment • the recognition on the failure of existing approaches and the usefulness of ICM mechanism by high-level policy makers

  21. Critical factors for successful implementation of Coastal Strategy and Action Plans:The case of the Baltic Sea • To secure Budget for implementation (Y) • To provide Competent Human Resources (Y) • To develop Scientific and Technical Capacity (Y) • To maintain Political Interest (Y/N) • To have continued Support from Various Stakeholders (Y/N) • To provide Appropriate Organizational Mechanism (N)

  22. Monitoring and Evaluation

  23. Refining and Consolidating • What do you need to refine & consolidate? Based on Performance Monitoring & Evaluation: To refine organizational structure To refine functional process (coordination, EIA, permitting, enforcement, etc.) To refine budget arrangement To refine human resources and management capacity Based on Environmental Monitoring & Evaluation: To refine management strategies and actions in the Coastal Strategy To refine science and technical capacity To plan for next program cycle responding to new issues & challenges

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