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Lifestyle: General benefits

Lifestyle: General benefits. What is a healthy lifestyle?. Don’t smoke Maintain a normal body weight for adults (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 ) Eat a healthy balanced diet Plenty of fruit and vegetables (at least 5 portions/day), nuts, fish and fibre (approx 18g/day)

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Lifestyle: General benefits

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  1. Lifestyle:General benefits

  2. What is a healthy lifestyle? • Don’t smoke • Maintain a normal body weight for adults (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) • Eat a healthy balanced diet • Plenty of fruit and vegetables (at least 5 portions/day), nuts, fish and fibre (approx 18g/day) • Limited dairy products and meat • Avoid saturated fat – mono-unsaturated vegetable oils are preferable • At least 2 portions of oily fish per week • Limited salt intake (max 6 g/day) • Avoid processed foods • Engage in regular physical activity of moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes per day, most days of the week • Limit daily alcohol consumption

  3. Why is a healthy lifestyle important?DH. Choosing Health Summaries. 2004 Obesity. NICE clinical guideline 43. 2006 CDC. The Health Consequences of Smoking: what it means to you. 2004 • Smoking causes cancer, respiratory diseases and CVD • Poor diet has been linked to around 1 in 3 deaths from cancer and CHD • Obesity is associated with cancer, CVD and type 2 diabetes • Excessive drinking has been linked to an increased risk of CVD, pancreatitis and liver disease • Physical inactivity contributes to CVD, cancer and type 2 diabetes • Following a healthy lifestyle may prevent people becoming patients and needing medication

  4. What’s more important to reduce mortality from CHD – reducing risk factors using lifestyle interventions or increasing medical interventions?Kelly MP, et al.HDA Briefing. Nov 2004 • 68,230 fewer deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) In England & Wales in 2000 compared with 1981 • 42% of the decrease was attributable to medical and surgical treatments • 58% was due to change in risk factors, particularly reduction in the prevalence of smoking • Most treatment benefits were in secondary prevention medications and heart failure treatments • Decline partially offset by increases in obesity, diabetes and lack of physical activity

  5. Reducing cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking prevalence could halve current CHD mortality Kelly MP, et al.HDA Briefing. Nov 2004 • If prescribing were increased so that 80% of eligible patients received medications, this would equate to 20,000 fewer deaths each year But….. • Reducing average cholesterol from 5.8 to 5.2mmol/L (already achieved in Finland, Sweden, USA, Australia) prevents 25,000 deaths • Simply reducing smoking prevalence to USA levels = 17,000 fewer deaths • These plus a modest reduction in population BP = 50,000 fewer deaths • This would halve the current CHD mortality

  6. But does improving lifestyle have health benefits?NICE think so….. “A healthier lifestyle by lowering blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, may reduce, delay or remove the need for long-term drug therapy in some patients” Hypertension. NICE clinical guideline 34. 2006

  7. What’s the effect size of lifestyle interventions on BP?Hypertension. NICE full guideline 18. 2004

  8. How does that compare with drug interventions? Lowering BP to prevent MI & stroke. HTA 2003;7:31

  9. Even a small change in lifestyle can make a significant difference to mortalityFaculty of Public Health. Easing the pressure: tackling hypertension. 2005

  10. Summary • We have good observational and some RCT evidence that improving lifestyle improves health or protects against disease • So following a healthy lifestyle — not smoking, eating a balanced diet, limiting alcohol intake and exercising regularly — would seem to be sensible • It may help to • Reduce the risks of becoming ill • Modify risk factors • Control disease • Reduce mortality • Avoid the need for drug treatment and the associated risks • On a population basis small changes are likely to have the biggest benefits • Although the evidence for multiple interventions is limited small changes in several areas may improve health outcomes further • It’s never too late to adopt a healthy lifestyle

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