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MINERAL NUTRITION

MINERAL NUTRITION. MINERAL NUTRITION & ORGANIC SUBSTANCES CONCERNING DYE & FLAVOURS. 2 o Metabolites. 1. DYE = PIGMENTS. - Chlorophyll (green) - Carotenoids (yellow - red) - Xanthophyll (=oxygenated carotene).

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MINERAL NUTRITION

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  1. MINERAL NUTRITION MINERAL NUTRITION & ORGANIC SUBSTANCES CONCERNING DYE & FLAVOURS 2o Metabolites 1. DYE = PIGMENTS - Chlorophyll (green) - Carotenoids (yellow - red) - Xanthophyll (=oxygenated carotene) Caroteneprotectchlorophyll from Photodestruction (Albino turns green under dim light) & insect attractant in flower

  2. MINERAL NUTRITION 2.Flavour = Aroma + Taste Aroma = essential oil / volatile oil = essence at room temp. - Alcohol, ether, aldehyde - Terpenoids

  3. MINERAL NUTRITION Taste Sweet = glucose , fructose , sucrose ete. Sour = - organic acid (kreb’s cycle) (i.e. citric acid in lemon) - aromatic acid Pungent = i.e. capsaicin, piperine Bitter = alkaloids , terpenoid Astringent = tannin

  4. MINERAL NUTRITION Pigments, odour & Taste substance are : 1. 2ometabolite product after photosynthate occurred through metabolic pathway 2. waste material in vacuole

  5. MINERAL NUTRITION Relation to Mineral Nutrition 1. Pn & Carbon skeleton Production 2. Enzyme synthesis & activities 3. Turgidity/Osmotic regulation 4. Product translocation 5. Energy supply for synthesizing and degradation 6. Stage of development & accumulation

  6. MINERAL NUTRITION MINERAL NUTRITION & PHYTOHORMONE 1. AUXIN Metabolism - produced in active meristematic tissue (buds, young leaves & fruits) - immobilization by photo oxidation, enzyme oxidation (IAA - oxidase) - Peroxidation reduce Auxin activity (+O2)

  7. MINERAL NUTRITION Plant response - Cellular effect : - increase DNA, RNA protein & enzyme - increase proton exchange & K uptake - influence phytochrome reaction to red - far - red light - Necessary for callus growth (tissue culture, gall - , nodule tissue) - Rooting in plant cutting - Delay leaf & fruit abscission

  8. MINERAL NUTRITION Agricultural use - 2,4 - D, 2, 4, 5 - T , MCPA (herbicide) - prevent fruit drop, induce ethylene formation (NAA) - thinning fruit for prevent biennial bearing - rooting compound - prevention of sprouting in potato

  9. MINERAL NUTRITION Minerals & Auxin - IAA effect proton - pump by effect proton transport through cell wall (i.e. K+ uptake > Na+ > Li+) Salt resistant effect - Ca2+ necessary for Auxin - transport (Auxin & Ca2+ redistribution) - Zn2+ necessary for tryptophan synthesis

  10. MINERAL NUTRITION 2. GIBBERELLINS Metabolism - biosynthesis in immature fruit & seed, bud, leaf & root - bound form in seed is freed through soaking, chilling - vernalization (seed) stratification (bud) increase GAs

  11. MINERAL NUTRITION Plant response - act synergistically with auxin in apical dorminance, cambium growth, geotroprism, parthenocarpy, increase fruit - set - internode growth of dwarf plant - replace stratification

  12. MINERAL NUTRITION Minerals & Gibberellin - GA3 increase membrane permeability, cause monovalent ion lost and transportation of ion from root - GA3 increase K+ transport - Zn & GA3 : positive correlation

  13. MINERAL NUTRITION 3. CYTOKININ Metabolism : - produced in root - translocate through transpiration stream - buds stronger sink than leaf

  14. MINERAL NUTRITION Pl. response - Adventitious bud formation (Cyt. + Auxin) - inhibit root initial formation in stem cutting (Auxin stimulate) - delay senescence (Chlorophyll retention, protein & amino acid retention)

  15. MINERAL NUTRITION Mineral & cytokinin - effect on protein synthesis, cellwall & cell membrane synthesis and sugar metabolism - translocation of Fe from root - ion flux into root stimulate but ion efflux and water transport out of root reduce - N - application increase cytokinin synthesis in root - regulate ion secretion from salt gland

  16. MINERAL NUTRITION Agricultural use - Control flowering, enhance growth & productivity - Enhance germination & emergence - Produce sterile male for hybrid seed industry (corn) - Seedless - amylase activity in malt industry

  17. MINERAL NUTRITION 4. GROWTH INHIBITOR 3 groups : Nature 1) ABA 2) Benzoic - , phenolic acid & lactone (seed dormancy) Synthetic retardant 3) - ammonium salt (Amo - 1618), phosphon - D - SADH or daminozide - Chlormeguat chloride (CCC) - Morphactin (flurecol & chloro flurecol)

  18. MINERAL NUTRITION Metabolism GA, ABA, cyt., chlorophyll, carotene & Xantophyll produced through “Mevalonic acid & isoprene pathway” Agricultural use - growth retardant SADH, CCC, Phosfon - D & morphactin - reduce lodging & vegetative growth - TIBA = IAA inhibitor (transport) - Defoliant before harvesting - inhibit axillary shoot development

  19. MINERAL NUTRITION Pl. response to ABA - dormancy mechanism of bud & seed for survival - leaf abscission - GA/ABA ration in dormancy and germination after stratification - stomata closure - inhibit K uptake & proton extrusion - inhibit hydrolytic enzyme activity - inhibit flowering of long - day plant

  20. MINERAL NUTRITION Minerals & ABA - inhibit K uptake into guard cell stomata close - inhibit K uptake reduceAmylase activity - effect ion transport, ion accumulation and selectivity of ion into preserve organ

  21. MINERAL NUTRITION 5. Ethylene Metabolism - increase by Auxin application 2, 4 - D increase ethylene content in tissue upto 50 fold - increase in ripening & stress tissue Pl. Response - reduce elongation, increase stem diameter & ageotropic of seedling during germination - leaf & flower senescence (AgNO3 = anti ethylene activity)

  22. MINERAL NUTRITION Agricultural use of Ethylene - Limit because of gas - form - Liquid form = ethephon - Suppress growth of seedling in starting bed = 10 days - Break seed dormancy

  23. MINERAL NUTRITION Agricultural use - increase fruit - set & Fruit size (grape & apple) - Promote seed germination (Lettuce seed) - Tissue & pollen culture breeding End…

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