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SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE Chapter 18 [objectives]

SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE Chapter 18 [objectives]. Discuss sustainable AQ in historical context Discuss how inputs of resources can efficiently and safely produce AQ products Explain how to integrate AQ with other economic activities Describe positive and negative environmental impacts of AQ.

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SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE Chapter 18 [objectives]

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  1. SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTUREChapter 18 [objectives] • Discuss sustainable AQ in historical context • Discuss how inputs of resources can efficiently and safely produce AQ products • Explain how to integrate AQ with other economic activities • Describe positive and negative environmental impacts of AQ

  2. SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE[objectives] • Explain how AQ can utilize or change the human resource • Define organic aquaculture and explain how it can help sustain the future of AQ

  3. THE PRACTICE OF SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE Sustainable aquaculture is … • the production of aquatic organisms using efficient and cost-effective methods to improve human capacity • utilize and conserve available resources • and protect the environment

  4. PROPER LAND USE • Land not suitable for crops may be good for aquaculture (e.g. – high clay content) • Avoid locations that interfere with water drainage, destroy wetlands, or alter productive crop land • Productivity from aquaculture can enhance conventional agriculture • Fish ponds can provide attractive alternatives for tourists (fishing, picnicking)

  5. WATER USE, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE • Ponds retain runoff water (can be used for irrigation or livestock) • Ponds also reduce downstream flooding • Proper pond construction can reduce use of groundwater • Water can also be recirculated through aquaculture systems (reused)

  6. FEEDING EFFICIENCY • Animal protein is more expensive than plant protein • Select species “low in the food chain” • Polyculture systems use feed more efficiently

  7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY • Ideal energy source for aquaculture is the sun (warm the water, energy for photosynthesis) • Cages and pens can reduce energy required for harvesting • Greenhouses can be used to extend growing season

  8. INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE • Fish and plant systems (aquaponics use fish wastes to feed plants and plants purify water) • Desirable to use non-food by-products in aquaculture rather than materials that could be used as human food • Desirable to use aquaculture by-products (fish waste and carcasses can be used for plant fertilizer)

  9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AQUACULTURE • Some countries have destroyed wetlands in developing aquaculture • AQ effluents have polluted natural bodies of water in some areas • Cultured fish (especially hybrids) can affect genetics of natural fish populations • Exotic introductions may escape and affect natural populations

  10. ORGANIC AQUACULTURE • Organic aquaculture is the production of aquacrops without “off-farm” inputs • Aquacrops cannot receive any therapeutic chemicals or feed additives • Genetic engineering and cloning are not allowed • No discharge of wastewater into the natural environment • Outside contaminants must be kept from the water supply

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