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JML Tools Review & Evaluation

Chris Grosshans Mark Lewis- Prazen. JML Tools Review & Evaluation. What is Java Modeling Language (JML) ?. public class Counter { public final static int MAX = 100; //@ invariant 0 <= count && count <= MAX; private int count; /*@ requires count < MAX;

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JML Tools Review & Evaluation

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  1. Chris Grosshans Mark Lewis-Prazen JML Tools Review & Evaluation

  2. What is Java Modeling Language (JML)? publicclass Counter { publicfinalstaticintMAX = 100; //@ invariant 0 <= count && count <= MAX; privateint count; /*@ requires count < MAX; @ ensures count == \old(count) + 1; @ also @ requires count == MAX; @ ensures count == 0; @*/ publicvoid inc() { count = count < MAX ? count + 1 : 0; } }

  3. Project Motivation • Find JML tool(s) that we can use at work • Easy to use • Robust and fully developed • Project plan • Survey all tools • In depth analysis of most promising tools • Introduce best of breed to work

  4. Types of JML Tools • Run time checking – Tests for violations of the JML assertions as Java code is executed • Static checking - checking annotations prior to execution • Automatic – little developer interaction • Manual – Programmer provides proof for more sound and complete evaluation

  5. Overview of JML tools Runtime Tools Static Tools JML2 ESC/java LOOP JACK JML3 JML5 JML4 jml4c ESC/java2 FSPV Legend Inactive JMLEclipse Active jml4c ESC4 FSPV Future

  6. JML4

  7. JML4

  8. Evaluation of the JML4

  9. Tool Conclusions • Tools not commercially viable; currently they are research tools • Tools have difficulty keeping up with changing language features • Usability issues - difficult to install and use • Bottom line the tools are not actively marketed commercially – Academically driven w/o corporate sponsorship

  10. Is JML useful? • Assuming a production ready JML tool: Would you use JML? • Hard to identify invariant pre/post conditions • Adding specifications as complex as coding • No published work showing results of testing on industrial scale code • But, probably only cost- effective for “mission critical” development

  11. Questions

  12. Significant References • CHALIN, P., JAMES, P. R., AND KARABOTSOS, G. JML4: Towards an industrial grade IVE for Java and next generation research platform for JML. In VSTTE ’08: Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Verified Systems: Theories, Tools, and Experiments (2008). • COK, D. R., AND KINIRY, J. R. ESC/Java2: Uniting ESC/Java and JML. In Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Devices (2005), vol. 3362/2005 of LNCS, pp. 108-28. • LEAVENS, G. T., POLL, E., CLIFTON, C., CHEON, Y., RUBY, C., COK, D., MÜLLER, P., KINIRY, J., AND CHALIN, P. JML reference manual, 2008. Available at http://www.jmlspecs.org. • LEINO, K. R. M., AND MONAHAN, R. Automatic verification of textbook programs that use comprehensions. In FTfJP ’07: Formal Techniques for Java-like Programs (2007). • PAULSON, L. C., AND SUSANTO, K. W. Source-level proof reconstruction for interactive theorem proving. In Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics: TPHOLs 2007 (2007), K. Schneider and J. Brandt, Eds., LNCS 4732, Springer, pp. 232–245. • TAYLOR, K.B.: A specification language design for the Java Modeling Language (JML) using Java 5 annotations. Masters thesis, Iowa State University (2008)

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