Imperialism Unit 1867-1914

1. Imperialism Unit 1867-1914 • Knight

2. Major Presidents During Imperialism William McKinley 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 William H. Taft 1909-1913

4. Imperialism-Definition • The Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories View Expansion Video

5. 3 Reasons for American Imperialism • 1. Economic competition for raw materials and markets for its manufactured goods. • 2. Political and Military competition, based on the need for a powerful new navy • 3. A belief in racial superiority and mission to spread Christianity and civilization to the world View American Expansionism around 1900

6. Anti-Imperialism • Not everyone agreed U.S. should expand • Some felt it was morally wrong • Some felt it cost too much money

7. America Expands-Alaska • “Seward’s Folly”-the purchase of Alaska • 1867, US bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 cents an acre) • People thought Alaska was frozen wasteland and a huge mistake William Seward Thomas Nast cartoon of Seward

8. America Expands-Hawaii • Annex-to acquire/take over • 1898-United States/ President McKinley annexed Hawaii • Overthrow of Queen Lil, and Native Hawaiians • Wanted access to China and East Last Queen of Hawaii, Lil Sanford B. Dole

9. The Spanish-American War 1898 • Cuba was fighting Spain for Independence • Jose Marti`-Cuban leader • Spain put 300,000 civilians in concentration camps • American newspapers began writing exaggerated claims of Spanish brutality towards Cubans that became known as Yellow Journalism -exaggerated news to lure new readers Jose Marti Newspaper drawing about Spanish officials strip searching U.S. woman “Yellow Kid” Cartoon

11. Yellow Journalism • Two New York Journalists race to sell the most papers • Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst publish lies about the war to sell the most papers Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

12. The Spanish-American War 1898 • 3 reasons U.S. enters War • 1. yellow journalism • 2. DeLome Letter-Spanish ambassador claims Pres. McKinley is “weak” • 3. The U.S.S. Maine mysteriously blows up in Havana and the U.S. blames Spain View beginnings of Spanish-American war

13. “The Splendid Little War” • U.S. attacks Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in Philippines (Spanish territory) • U.S. and Filipino forces quickly defeat Spanish

14. “The Splendid Little War” • War in Cuba • Fighting is somewhat fierce • Teddy Roosevelt leads a group of volunteers called The Rough Riders in the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba • Rough Riders play only small part, but Roosevelt gets famous San Juan Hill Rough Riders View Spanish American War video African-American Unit that fought along side Rough Riders

15. Treaty of Paris 1898 • Spain grants Cuba its Independence • U.S. gets the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam • Platt Amendment allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuba’s affairs, which U.S. did on multiple occasions. • Guantanamo Bay • Cuba became a Protectorate of U.S.

17. “Stand back, there, gol darn ye! If you force this thing to a fifth act, remember that’s where I git in my work” is the caption • What roles has the artist assigned to each of the countries? • What symbolic elements does he use to characterize each of the three countries? • In what direction is the artist hoping to influence public opinion in 1896?

18. This cartoon dates to 1898 shortly after the war • What symbols are used to represent the various nations involved in the unfolding drama of the birth of the American empire? • How does the portrayal of Cuba in this cartoon compare with the previous cartoon?

19. 1. Is there a contrasting underlying message in this cartoon compared with the previous cartoon?2. This cartoon says “Its really most extraordinary what training will do. Why, only the other day I thought that man unable to support himself” Interpret what that means in regards to American Imperialism.

20. “Won’t you join the stars and be my forty-sixth?1. What is the significance of Cuba being represented as white and attractive or voluptuous?2. Explain the apparent intention of the artist in the context of 1901, when Spanish troops had left Cuba and the United States continued its military occupation of the island?

21. “After the First Mile” is the title.1. How is Cuba characterized? Compare this to the Cuba in the previous Cartoon.2. What do you suppose is the artist’s attitude toward the possibility of Cuba being annexed as a state of the United States?3. What symbols does the artists use to represent stability, order, prosperity?

22. “And to think that bad boy came near to being your brother!” is the caption at the bottom1. This cartoon was published in 1905 and compares Cuba and Puerto Rico. What symbols are used to create contrast?2. Note the racial representation of both islands. What is the historical context behind these seemingly opposite outcomes?

23. Philippine-American War • Filipinos were outraged when U.S. did not grant independence • War lasted for 3 years 1899 to 1902 • 20,000 Filipinos died • 4,000 U.S. troops died • Needed Philippines for easier access to China New York Journal –example of Yellow Journalism during Philippine-American War

24. China Open Door Policy • Spheres of Influence-European nations had divided up China for trading purposes • 1899 John Hay (Sec. of State) called for • 1. open access to all of China’s coastal ports to all countries • 2. eliminate special privileges for any trading nations • 3. maintenance of China’s independence

25. Boxer Rebellion • An attempt by a group of Chinese known as the Boxers, in which they attempted to expel all Westerners and Western influences from China. • Rebellion was put down by joint Western forces

27. 3 American Beliefs reflected in Open Door Policy • 1. Growth of American economy depended on exports • 2. America had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open • 3. A fear that closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. survival

28. America As World Power • Great White Fleet • New all steel fleet of a dozen or so ships that TR sent around the world to show U.S. dominance • Painted white

29. Great White’s World Wide Tour

30. America As World Power • Panama Canal • Built to connect Atlantic and Pacific Ocean • Cutting travel time of U.S. ships by half • Panama was province of Colombia, but TR helped Panama get its Independence to get Canal built • Teddy Roosevelt got credit

32. Roosevelt and Latin America • Monroe Doctrine- 1823 James Monroe told European nations to stay out of Western Hemisphere • Roosevelt Corollary- Roosevelt restated Monroe Doctrine, it was an extension to it and called for U.S. to be “police man” for hemisphere

33. Roosevelt and Latin America • Gunboat Diplomacy • Use force to accomplish goals in world, especially Latin America • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”-famous saying by Teddy

34. Taft and Latin America • Dollar Diplomacy • Invest money into a country to help strengthen that country’s economy in hopes of preventing revolutions • By investing money, it normally meant U.S. corporations in Latin American countries

35. Wilson and Latin America • Moral Diplomacy- • Wilson’s philosophy of extending moral standards to foreign policy • Wilson told the world the U.S. will never take anymore territories. • Wilson did send in troops to Latin American countries to stop revolutions

36. Achievements During Imperialism • U.S. expanded access to foreign markets to ensure economic growth • Built a modern Navy to protect its interest abroad • Became an international police force to ensure domestic dominance in Latin America Looking to Foreign Lands-Video Video Quiz