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The Soviet Union Under Lenin: 1917-1924

The Soviet Union Under Lenin: 1917-1924. Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I. Introduction. The Bolsheviks were convinced a revolution would take place in Germany, then Britain, then the US. Lenin added his own ideas to Marx’s original theory of Communism.

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The Soviet Union Under Lenin: 1917-1924

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  1. The Soviet Union Under Lenin: 1917-1924 Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I

  2. Introduction • The Bolsheviks were convinced a revolution would take place in Germany, then Britain, then the US. • Lenin added his own ideas to Marx’s original theory of Communism. • Lenin argued that after the revolution, a “temporary dictatorship” of party leaders was needed because the workers, brought up in a capitalist society, could not be trusted to know their own true interests.

  3. The Russian Civil War (1919-1921) • Once in power, the Communists immediately withdrew from the war with Germany. • Transferred millions of acres of land to the poorer peasants. • Workers were organized to control or operate factories and all industries were nationalized (taken over by the government).

  4. The Russian Civil War • A civil war followed between those that supported Lenin, the Reds, and those who wanted to stay with the rule of the Tsar, the Whites. • Several foreign powers, including the US, intervened, sending troops to help the Whites. • The Red Army had more support from the peasants and workers.

  5. The Russian Civil War • Lenin executed Tsar Nicholas II and his family so the monarchy could never be restored. • After 2 years of fighting, the Reds defeated the Whites.

  6. Lenin’s New Economic Policy • The Bolsheviks now had to deliver on their promises to feed the people. • By 1920, Lenin realized that he had to make changes to his program. • Peasants were no longer growing enough food, since they were afraid the government would seize it. • By 1921, a severe famine was facing Russia.

  7. Lenin’s New Economic Policy • Lenin came to the decision that Communist policy must be put aside for the time being to avoid disaster. • Lenin’s goal was to keep the peasants happy, keep the Bolsheviks in power, and to stabilize the economy. • In 1921, he introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP).

  8. Lenin’s New Economic Policy • In the NEP, some private ownership was permitted in small-scale manufacturing and agriculture. • The government continued to control major industries. • The NEP slowly increased production. • Lenin died in 1924. • Although many thought that Leon Trotsky, leader of the Red Army, would succeed Lenin, Joseph Stalin managed to gain control.

  9. Notebook Assignment Complete the graphic organizer below by describing four major events of the Russian Revolution.

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