WELCOME

1. WELCOME • Good Morning and Welcome

2. Introduction to Washington State’s Process for the Screening and Assessment of Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders

3. This training designed to meet • Washington State RCW 71.05.027 • ESSB 5763 • TIP 42: Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders

5. Module I Introduction to Screening and Assessment of Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders: Overview and Focus on GAIN-SS

6. Module I Objectives • Introduce TIP 42: Chapter 4 – Assessment • Distinguish between screening and assessment • The importance of screening across disciplines • Introduction of the GAIN-SS for screening

9. GAIN-SS • Global Appraisal of Individual Needs – Short Screen • Designed for use in general populations to quickly and accurately identify who would have a disorder on the full GAIN Assessment and rule out those who would not • Designed for self-administration • Take 3 to 5 minutes to administer

10. Home Work Assignment • Read TIP 42 Chapter 4

11. Module II Introduction to Screening and Assessment of Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders: Screening and Assessment, Step 1 and Step 2

12. Module II Objectives • The importance of the “engagement” in performing a good assessment • Review Step 1: Engage the patient • Review Step 2: Identify and contact collaterals to gather information

13. COD Screening & Assessment To what extent do you currently provide COD Screening and Assessment and what instruments if any, are you currently utilizing?

14. Instrument Selection Criteria (Hand Out Screening Tool) • The screening instrument is sensitive. • The screening instrument is brief. • The screening instrument is low or no cost. • The screening instrument can be administered and scored with little training. • The screening instrument is applicable to a diverse range of people. • The screening instrument includes a question about suicide.

15. GAIN-SS • Fifteen - item instrument that screens for internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance use disorders. • Take 3 to 5 minutes to administer • Meant to determine whether a mental illness, chemical dependency or co-occurring, assessment is needed

16. GAIN-SS 3 Subscales • Internal Disorder Screener (IDScr) was designed to identify people experiencing internalizing disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and acute/post traumatic stress disorders • External Disorder Screener (EDScr) designed to identify persons experiencing externalizing disorders such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, aggression/violence and other externalizing behavioral problems

17. GAIN-SS 3 Subscales • Substance Disorder Screener (SDScr) designed to identify persons abusing or dependent upon alcohol or other drugs

18. GAIN-SS Scoring • If a person receives a score of 2 or more on any of the GAIN-SS subscales, then that person should be referred for either a mental health, or chemical dependency assessment. The screening score shall be noted in TARGET and referrals shall be noted in the clinical record. • If a referral is not made, documentation supporting the decision should be made in the record.

20. 12 Step Assessment Process • Please read page 71 in TIP 42 in your own free time • The purpose of the assessment process is to develop a method for gathering information in an organized manner that allows the clinician to develop an appropriate treatment plan or recommendation.

23. Universal access – No wrong door • Individuals with COD may enter a range of community service sites and that proactive efforts are necessary to welcome them into treatment and prevent them from falling through the cracks. • The purpose of this assessment is not just to determine whether the client fits in my program, but to help the client figure out where he or she fits in the system of care, and to help him or her get there.

24. Empathic detachment • Requires the assessing clinician to acknowledge that the clinician and client are working together to make decisions to support the client’s best interest. • Clinicians should be prepared to respond to the individual needs of clients with COD

25. Person-centered assessment • Emphasizes that the focus of initial contact is not on filling out a form or answering several questions or on establishing program fit. • The focus of initial contact is on finding out what the client wants, in terms of his or her perception of the problem, what he or she wants to change, and how he or she thinks that change will occur.

26. Sensitivity to culture, gender, and sexual orientation • Culture plays a significant role in determining the client’s view of the problem and the treatment. • Cultural sensitivity also requires recognition of one’s own cultural perspective and a genuine spirit of inquiry into how cultural factors influence the client’s request for help.

27. Trauma sensitivity • The high prevalence of trauma in individuals with COD requires that the clinician consider the possibility of a trauma history even before the assessment begins.

29. Step 2: Identify & Contact Collaterals • Clients may be unable or unwilling to report past or present circumstances accurately. • It is recommended that all assessments include routine procedures for identifying and contacting any family and other collaterals who may have useful information.

30. Client resistance to gathering this collateral information is a clinical issue and needs to be addressed motivationally as you would any other form of client resistance. • Although gathering collateral information has been designated as Step 2, information from collaterals is valuable as a supplement to the client’s own report in all of the assessment steps discussed.

31. Steps in the assessment process are not always sequential and may occur in different order.

32. Home Work Assignment • Read TIP 42 Chapter 4

33. Module III Introduction to Screening and Assessment of Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders: Screening and Assessment, Step 3 and Step 4

34. Module III Objectives • Review Step 3: Screen for potential Co-Occurring Disorders • Review Step 4: Determine Quadrant and Locus of Responsibility

35. Major Aims of the Assessment Process • To obtain a more detailed chronological history of past mental symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and impairment, particularly before the onset of substance abuse, and during periods of extended abstinence.

36. To obtain a more detailed description of current strengths, supports, limitations, skill deficits, and cultural barriers related to following the recommended treatment regimen for any disorder or problem. • To determine stage of change for each problem, and identify external contingencies that might help to promote treatment adherence.

38. Step 3: Screen for Co-Occurring Disorders Screen for: • Acute safety risk • Past and present mental health symptoms/disorders • Past and present substance abuse disorders • Cognitive and learning deficits • Past and present victimization and trauma

39. Safety Screening • Safety screening requires that early in the interview the clinician directly ask the client (and anyone else providing information) if the client has any immediate impulse to engage in violent or self-injurious behavior or is in any immediate danger from others.

40. If the answer is yes, the clinician should obtain more detailed information about the nature and severity of the danger, and any other information relevant to safety. • If the client appears to be at some immediate risk, the clinician should arrange for a more in-depth risk assessment by a qualified clinician, and the client should not be left alone or unsupervised.

41. Who in your agency is qualified to provide suicide risk assessments? • What are their qualifications? • When are suicide risk assessments completed and how often? • When and how is staff trained in providing suicide risk assessments? • How is this suicide risk assessment documented?

42. Knowing what questions to ask does not automatically make one qualified to provide a mental health, substance abuse, or suicide risk assessments.

43. Local agencies providing Mental Health Screening, Assessment and Treatment • CWCMH – (Access) • Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic (Behavioral Health) • Catholic Family Services

45. Step 4: Determine Quadrant and Locus of Responsibility

46. IV More severe mental disorder/ more severe substance abuse disorder Locus of care: State hospitals, jails/prisons, emergency rooms, etc. High Severity III Less severe mental disorder/ more severe substance abuse disorder Locus of care: Substance abuse system Alcohol and other drug abuse I Less severe mental disorder/ Less severe substance abuse disorder Locus of care: Primary health care settings II More severe mental disorder/ less severe substance abuse disorder Locus of care: Mental health system Low Severity High Severity Mental Illness

47. LOW MH – HIGH CD HIGH MH- HIGH-CD TABLE OF CO-OCCURRING PSYCHIATRIC AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE RELATED SYMPTOMSQUADRANT PLACEMENT FOR ADULTSWashington State Integration of services Eligible for public alcohol/drug and mental health services High Severity Psychiatric Symptoms/Disorders And High Severity Substance Issues/Disorders Services provided in specialized treatment programs with cross-trained staff or multidisciplinary teams IV Collaboration between systems Eligible for public alcohol/drug services but not mental health services Low to Moderate Psychiatric Symptoms/Disorders And High Severity Substance Issues/Disorders Services provided in outpatient and inpatient chemical dependency system III LOW MH - LOW CD HIGH MH – LOW CD Collaboration between systems Eligible for public mental health services but not alcohol/drug services High Severity Psychiatric Symptoms/Disorders And Low to Moderate Severity Substance Issues/Disorders Services provided in outpatient and inpatient mental health system II Consultation between systems Generally not eligible for public alcohol/drug or mental health services Low to Moderate Psychiatric Symptoms/Disorders And Low to Moderate Severity Substance Issues/Disorders Services provided in outpatient chemical dependency or mental health system I

48. Special Note on GAF Score • Many chemical dependency clients will have GAF scores below 51.  • The impairment to work, family and judgment from the dependency can easily produce a 35-45 score on the GAF.   • Using a GAF score below 51 out of context of CD to determine more severe mental disorders would result in a high MH quadrant placement for clients impaired solely due to their chemical dependency. 

49. GAF of 50 • “Serious symptoms (e.g., suicidal ideation, severe obsession rituals, frequent shoplifting) or any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning (e.g., no friends, unable to keep a job)”. • How might substance abuse impact these symptoms?